University of Cádiz

The Gran Teatro Falla is a theater in the city of Cádiz, Andalusia, Spain. It is located in the Plaza Fragela, facing the Casa de las Viudas and adjacent to the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cádiz. Construction of the theater began in 1884, following plans by architect Adolfo Morales de los Ríos. It was based on the foundation of the previous Gran Teatro de Cádiz, a wooden building designed by García del Álamo and built in 1871, but which had burned in 1881. In 1886 the city government took over direction of the project, which proceeded only intermittently due to lack of funds. The theater was completed in 1905. Municipal architect Juan Cabrera de la Torre made significant modifications to Morales's original plans. The theater was known as the "Gran Teatro" until 1926 when it was renamed for composer and native son Manuel de Falla. Built in the Neo-Mudéjar style, it is made of red brick, and has three grand horseshoe arch entry doorways on its principal façade, with alternating red and white voussoirs. One enters through these doors into a large vestibule, which was redesigned in the 1920s. Stairways ascend to the horseshoe or "U"-shaped galleries above. The stage is 18 metres (59 ft) wide and 25.5 metres (84 ft) deep. The ceiling shows an allegory of Paradise, the work of Felipe Abarzuza y Rodríguez de Arias. Every February the Gran Teatro Falla is the site of the artistic competitions of the Carnival of Cádiz. During repairs and restoration from 1987 to 1991, those competitions were held instead at the now-defunct Teatro Andalucía. Through the rest of the year, the theater hosts all manner of shows, such as plays or concerts.

The Jardín Botánico de Cádiz was an eighteenth-century example of a botanical garden for the study of medicine located in Cádiz, Spain. It was founded by Pedro Virgili, director of the Royal College of Surgeons of the Navy (now part of the University of Cádiz). Virgili set about acquiring the site for the garden on April 22, 1749, shortly after the foundation of the Royal College. The plants were grouped according to their medicinal use in order to help the students apply their knowledge of botany in a medical context. José Celestino Mutis, who was one of the first students at the college, went on to become a famous botanist. Botanical gardens are named after him in Colombia and Spain.

Parque Genovés is a historical garden located in the seaside of Cádiz city in Andalusia, Spain. Its origin can be traced back to the middle of the 19th century, having been widened and remodeled a few times since then. By the name Genovés, it could be thought that the park is of Genovese style, but it actually owes its name to a former city major called Eduardo José Genovés y Puig, who made important reforms to it. The garden has a great number of plant species, including some which thrive properly in tropical latitudes, being it possible due to the high humidity of the city combined with the mild temperatures that characterize the Mediterranean climate. A group of them have drawn special interest, either for its longevity or big size. Besides the plant species, considered a matter of interest are also the statues and memorials that pay homage to notable people and historical facts that influenced the history of Spain. Examples of them are the botanist Celestino Mutis, composer Manuel de Falla and the Battle of Trafalgar. The park has a recreated waterfall with a platform above that allows to appreciate the views of the Atlantic Ocean, as well as a passage inside the rocks. Close to it, there is a playground area for children and a restaurant.

The siege of Cádiz was a siege of the large Spanish naval base of Cádiz by a French army from 5 February 1810 to 24 August 1812 during the Peninsular War. Following the occupation of Seville, Cádiz became the Spanish seat of power, and was targeted by 70,000 French troops under the command of the Marshals Claude Victor and Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult for one of the most important sieges of the war. Defending the city were 2,000 Spanish troops who, as the siege progressed, received aid from 10,000 Spanish reinforcements as well as British and Portuguese troops. During the siege, which lasted two and a half years, the Cortes of Cádiz – which served as a parliamentary Regency after Ferdinand VII was deposed – drew up a new constitution to reduce the strength of the monarchy, which was eventually revoked by Fernando VII when he returned. In October 1810, a mixed Anglo-Spanish relief force embarked on a disastrous landing at Fuengirola. A second relief attempt was made at Tarifa in 1811. However, despite defeating a detached French force of 15,000–20,000 under Marshal Victor at the Battle of Barrosa, the siege was not lifted. In 1812, the Battle of Salamanca eventually forced the French troops to retreat from Andalusia, for fear of being cut off by the Coalition armies. The French defeat contributed decisively to the liberation of Spain from French occupation, due to the survival of the Spanish government and the use of Cádiz as a jump-off point for the Coalition forces.

The Church of Oratorio de San Felipe Neri (Spanish: Iglesia del Oratorio de San Felipe Neri) is a church built between 1685 and 1719, located in Cádiz, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1907.

The Spa of Our Lady of Palma and the Royal (Spanish: Balneario de Nuestra Señora de la Palma y del Real) is a spa located in Cádiz, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1990.

La Caleta is a beach located in the historical center of the city of Cádiz, Spain. It is a natural harbor by which Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Romans penetrated historically. It is the smallest beach in the city, and is isolated from the others.

The Castle of Santa Catalina (Spanish: Baluarte de Santa catalina y Castillo) is a castle located in Cádiz, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1993.

Singeing the King of Spain's Beard is the derisive name given to a series of attacks by the English privateer Francis Drake against the Spanish in the summer of 1587, beginning in April with a raid on Cádiz. This was an attack on the Spanish naval forces assembling in the Bay of Cádiz in preparation for the planned expedition against England. Much of the Spanish fleet was destroyed, and substantial supplies were destroyed or captured. There followed a series of raiding parties against several forts along the Portuguese coast. A Spanish treasure ship, returning from the Indies, was also captured. The damage caused by the English delayed Spanish preparations for the Armada by at least a year.

Cádiz (, US also , Spanish: [ˈkaðiθ]) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the Province of Cádiz, one of eight that make up the autonomous community of Andalusia. Cádiz, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Southern Europe, was founded by the Phoenicians. In the 18th century, the Port in the Bay of Cádiz consolidated as the main harbor of mainland Spain, enjoying the virtual monopoly of trade with the Americas until 1778. It is also the site of the University of Cádiz. Situated on a narrow slice of land surrounded by the sea‚ Cádiz is, in most respects, a typically Andalusian city with well-preserved historical landmarks. The older part of Cádiz, within the remnants of the city walls, is commonly referred to as the Old Town (Spanish: Casco Antiguo), and represents a large area of the total size of the city . It is characterized by the antiquity of its various quarters (barrios), among them El Pópulo, La Viña, and Santa María, which present a marked contrast to the newer areas of town. While the Old City's street plan consists of narrow winding alleys connecting large plazas, newer areas of Cádiz typically have wide avenues and more modern buildings. In addition, the city is dotted with numerous parks where exotic plants flourish, including giant trees allegedly brought to Spain by Columbus from the New World.

The Museum of Cadiz is a museum located in Cádiz, Spain. It was founded in 1970 after the merger of the Provincial Museum of Fine Arts with the Provincial Museum of Archaeology. It is on three floors, archaeology on the ground floor, art on the first, and puppets on the second floor. Entry is free for citizens of the European Union.The origin of the museum came in 1835, when art was confiscated from a monastery, including paintings by Zurbarán taken from the Charterhouse of Jerez de la Frontera. Other paintings included the works of Murillo and Rubens. The collection grew during the century, due to the city's Academy of Fine Arts which practised romanticism and neoclassicism. In 1877, after a Phoenician sarcophagus was found in the city's shipyard, the Archaeological Museum was founded. However, it was not until 1970 that the two institutes, despite sharing the same building, were merged. From 1980, the architect Javier Feduchi planned a reform of the building in three phases, of which two have been completed.In addition to the 19th-century pieces, the art museum has received contemporary art from the Junta de Andalucía. Its archaeological section has also received donations, particularly of coins. Despite a range of prehistoric findings from Southern Andalusia, due to local history, it has a lack of artefacts from the Middle Ages. The "Tía Norica" set of puppets, used at the Carnival of Cádiz, was acquired by the State.

The Oratorio de la Santa Cueva is a church composed of two chapels, one superimposed above the other, adjacent to the Holy Rosary church in Cádiz. It was restored by the Veracruz-born priest, Don José Sáenz de Santa María, who also commissioned Haydn's The Seven Last Words of Christ for performance in the lower chapel.