Republic of New Granada

Cundinamarca State was one of the states of Colombia. It was created on 15 June 1857 as Estado Federal de Cundinamarca (Federal State of Cundinamarca), in 1858 was recognized as Estado de la Federación, and in the constitution of 1863 renamed as Estado Soberano (Sovereign State of Cundinamarca) of the United States of Colombia.

United States of Colombia (Spanish: Estados Unidos de Colombia) was the name adopted in 1863 by the Constitución de Rionegro for the Granadine Confederation, after years of civil war. Colombia became a federal state itself composed of nine "sovereign states.” It comprised the present-day nations of Colombia and Panama and parts of northwestern Brazil. After several more years of intermittent civil wars, it was replaced by the more centralist Republic of Colombia in 1886, predecessor to modern Colombia.

The Granadine Confederation (Spanish: Confederación Granadina) was a short-lived federal republic established in 1858 as a result of a constitutional change replacing the Republic of New Granada. It consisted of the present-day nations of Colombia and Panama and parts of northwestern Brazil. In turn, the Granadine Confederation was replaced by the United States of Colombia after another constitutional change in 1863.

Gran Colombia (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɡɾaŋ koˈlombja] (listen), "Great Colombia"), or Greater Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia), was a state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. It included present-day Colombia, mainland Ecuador (i.e. excluding the Galapagos Islands), Panama, and Venezuela, along with parts of northern Peru and northwestern Brazil. The terms Gran Colombia and Greater Colombia are used historiographically to distinguish it from the current Republic of Colombia, which is also the official name of the former state. At the time of its creation, this Colombia was the most prestigious country in Spanish America. John Quincy Adams, then Secretary of State and future president of the United States, claimed it to be one of the most powerful nations on the planet. This prestige, added to the personal stature of Simón Bolívar, resulted in independence movements in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico desiring to form an associated state with the republic.But international recognition of the legitimacy of the Gran Colombian state ran afoul of European opposition to the independence of states in the Americas. Austria, France, and Russia only recognized independence in the Americas if the new states accepted monarchs from European dynasties. In addition, Colombia and the international powers disagreed over the extension of the Colombian territory and its boundaries.Gran Colombia was proclaimed through the Fundamental Law of the Republic of Colombia, issued during the Congress of Angostura (1819), but did not come into being until the Congress of Cúcuta (1821) promulgated the Constitution of Cúcuta. Gran Colombia was constituted as a unitary centralist state. Its existence was marked by a struggle between those who supported a centralized government with a strong presidency and those who supported a decentralized, federal form of government. At the same time, another political division emerged between those who supported the Constitution of Cúcuta and two groups who sought to do away with the Constitution, either in favor of breaking up the country into smaller republics or maintaining the union but creating an even stronger presidency. The faction that favored constitutional rule coalesced around Vice-President Francisco de Paula Santander, while those who supported the creation of a stronger presidency were led by President Simón Bolívar. The two of them had been allies in the war against Spanish rule, but by 1825, their differences had become public and were an important part of the political instability from that year onward. Gran Colombia was dissolved in 1831 due to the political differences that existed between supporters of federalism and centralism, as well as regional tensions among the peoples that made up the republic. It broke into the successor states of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela; Panama was separated from Colombia in 1903. Since Gran Colombia's territory corresponded more or less to the original jurisdiction of the former Viceroyalty of New Granada, it also claimed the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua, the Mosquito Coast, as well as most of Esequiba.

The Viceroyalty of New Granada (Spanish: Virreinato de Nueva Granada [birejˈnato ðe ˈnweβa ɣɾaˈnaða]) also called Viceroyalty of the New Kingdom of Granada or Viceroyalty of Santafé was the name given on 27 May 1717, to the jurisdiction of the Spanish Empire in northern South America, corresponding to modern Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela. Created in 1717 by King Felipe V, as part of a new territorial control policy, it was suspended in 1723 for financial problems and was restored in 1739 until the independence movement suspended it again in 1810. The territory corresponding to Panama was incorporated later in 1739, and the provinces of Venezuela were separated from the Viceroyalty and assigned to the Captaincy General of Venezuela in 1777. In addition to those core areas, the territory of the Viceroyalty of New Granada included Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, southwestern Suriname, parts of northwestern Brazil, and northern Peru.

Colegio Nueva Granada is a bilingual international private elementary, middle and high school in Bogotá, Colombia. Colegio Nueva Granada was founded in 1938 by Frederic Dever, Doris de Samper and Irwin C. Byington. Its original name was "The Anglo-American School" and Dr. Gabriel Jinich was its first director. Colegio Nueva Granada teaches a U.S. college-preparatory curriculum. Students study for both the U.S. High School Diploma and the Colombian Bachillerato Diploma. The majority of the classes are taught in English with a varied curriculum including Foreign Languages (Chinese and French), Sports, and Technology. The school's staff includes foreign as well as Colombian teachers. The AP system is offered to students, allowing them to gain college credits. The CNG student body in August 2020 was made up 1,701 students of 47 nationalities (42% Colombian, 18% dual citizenship (U.S-Colombia), 16% U.S citizens, 14% dual citizenship (Other-Colombian) and 10% from other countries. Moreover, the total number of employees was 388 (Faculty: 287, Administrative support: 56 and General Services: 45). All CNG teachers are certified professionals Among social projects in which students participate are the Hogar Nueva Granada, Alianza Educativa and mandatory personal student social service hours. Hogar Nueva Granada and Alianza Educativa are projects formed to help children and families in need with health and education programs to ensure their futures as Colombian citizens.Yearly, students teach English to approximately 40 children, ages 7 to 14, from the surrounding neighborhoods of Juan XXIII and Bosque Calderón in Bogotá.Others participate in the continuing education program for adults, 18 to 40 years old. This is a joint program, with Caja de Compensacion Familiar (CAFAM) with the help of teacher and student volunteers, to prepare adults to validate elementary school and also to get ready for ICFES exams in the higher levels of education.Colegio Nueva Granada is home to the first Confucius Institute established in a K-12 school in Latin America. The institute, founded in October 2009, promotes the study of Chinese language, culture, ethics, and philosophy. Eighteen CNG students have been awarded full scholarships to study in China by the CI since 2009.

Colegio Jordán de Sajonia (English: Jordan of Saxony School; Latin: Schola Jordanus de Saxonia), is a private Catholic elementary, secondary and preparatory school located in Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. The bilingual school was founded on February 1, 1954 by Alberto E. Ariza, a Dominican Friar. La historia y actividad educativa del Colegio Jordán de Sajonia se remonta a comienzos del siglo pasado, cuando los frailes dominicos lograron restaurar varias de sus casas, conventos, parroquias e instituciones educativas, tras la clausura realizada por el gobierno de Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y organizar nuevamente la Provincia de Colombia, junto a la Virgen de Chiquinquirá y al santuario. Allí se funda un centro de estudios denominado “Escuela Apostólica San Vicente Ferrer”, el cual en 1947 fue trasladado a Villa de Leyva, para regresar nuevamente a Chiquinquirá. El seminario fue inaugurado el 2 de febrero de 1954, albergando en su momento a 98 seminaristas, con el carácter de internado y centrado en su formación apostólica, bajo la rectoría de Fr. José de Jesús Sedano, O.P. En el año 1968 empiezan a recibir estudiantes externos, cambiando parte del plan de estudios, dejando asignaturas de la formación de los seminaristas solamente para ellos y dando apertura a la formación académica propia de la educación primaria y media. Han sido casi setenta años de historia, en los cuales los Dominicos han formado niños, niñas y jóvenes desde un proyecto basado en la formación integral y el pensamiento crítico. Setenta años en los cuales el colegio ha tenido transformaciones que van a la vanguardia de los procesos educativos y tecnológicos. Los cambios en términos de la infraestructura inicial han sido bastantes, la mayoría de estos centrados en la necesidad de adecuación y construcción de nuevos espacios para el desarrollo de las actividades académicas y lúdicas de los estudiantes, así como de las zonas comunes como restaurante y cafetería, teniendo en cuenta además que el número de estudiantes aumenta con frecuencia, lo que permite proyectar la construcción de un nuevo edificio para albergar a los niños y niñas de preescolar. ver más

The Colombia Securities Exchange (Spanish: Bolsa de Valores de Colombia, bvc) is a stock exchange which was created as a result of merging three independent stock exchanges: Bogotá (Bolsa de Bogotá, 1928), Medellín (Bolsa de Medellín, 1961) and Occidente (Bolsa de Occidente, Cali, 1983). It has offices in Bogotá, Medellín and Cali. Furthermore, with the bvc Training Centers the company is located in 19 Colombian cities through agreements with universities and chambers of commerce. As an infrastructure provider and securities issuer, the bvc is overseen by the Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia. Its main function is to be financing alternative for the productive system, through direct investment. The bvc does not have regulatory or oversight functions.

The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Bogotá (Indonesian: Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia di Bogota; Spanish: Embajada de la República de Indonesia en Bogotá) is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the Republic of Colombia and concurrently accredited to Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados and the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis. Diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Colombia were established on 15 September 1980. Initially, the Indonesian embassy in Brasilia, Brazil was accredited to Colombia. This continued until the Indonesian embassy in Bogotá was inaugurated after the arrival of the first Indonesian ambassador to Colombia, Trenggono, on 26 May 1989. The current ambassador is Tatang Budie Utama Razak who was appointed by President Joko Widodo on 25 October 2021.

The Manuela Beltrán University (Spanish: Universidad Manuelta Beltrán), also called UMB, is a private, coeducational university based in the city of Bogotá, Colombia.

The 2003 El Nogal Club bombing was a terrorist attack that occurred in Bogotá, Colombia. On 7 February 2003, a car containing 200 kg of explosives that was parked in a garage on the third floor of the multi-story El Nogal club, an elite, high-class social and business club, exploded, killing 36 people and wounding more than 200. There were approximately 600 people in the building at the time of the explosion. The attack was the worst in Colombia for more than a decade.No group publicly claimed responsibility for the bombing. The United Nations adopted Security Council Resolution 1465 on 13 February 2003 condemning the attack. Colombian Vice President Francisco Santos Calderón blamed the guerrilla group FARC, saying that there was "not the slightest doubt" that they were responsible and that the government had enough evidence of its involvement. Colombian authorities and investigators, with the aid of ATF members from the U.S., inspected the scene and the remains of the car bomb. Colombian prosecutors linked FARC to the bombing through the participation of, among others, John Freddy Arellan, a squash instructor who died in the bombing. According to the government, Arellan had recently acquired membership in the club and drove the car containing the explosives, a vehicle which had been bought in late 2002 using false documents, into the parking area. The government claimed Arrellan would have been employed by FARC's "Javier Paz", not knowing that the bomb would be detonated with him and his uncle still inside the club.On 10 March 2003, FARC denied any responsibility in the attack and described it as "state terrorism", claiming that the government of Colombia planted the bomb in order to unite the country against them.In March 2008, Colombian authorities released documents said to be found in a computer belonging to the slain FARC commander "Raúl Reyes", including a 13 February 2003 message in which "Reyes" called the attack a "formidable act" and mentioned the "political convenience of denying responsibilities".

Rosales is a barrio (neighbourhood) in the Chapinero locality of Bogotá.