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Old City of Haifa

Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli WarFormer populated places in IsraelHarv and Sfn no-target errorsHistory of HaifaOld cities in Israel and Palestine
חיפה מראה חלקי JNF013403
חיפה מראה חלקי JNF013403

The Old City of Haifa (Arabic: البلدة القديمة الحيفا) was the historic core of Haifa from 1761 until its destruction in the aftermath of the 1948 Palestine war and the Nakba. The Old City of Haifa had at least two predecessors: the Roman and Byzantine city 2.5 km to the southeast, today known as Tell Abu Hawam, and the medieval city 2.5 km to the northwest, today known as Haifa El-Atika. The city was founded in its modern location in 1761 by Zahir al-Umar, using stones from Haifa el-Atika. It served as the social, religious and commercial center for Haifa's Palestinian Arab community and resembled other Muslim-majority cities throughout the Ottoman Empire. After World War I Haifa became part of British Mandatory Palestine. Following the conquest of the city by Zionist forces in April 1948 and the displacement of most of its Arab population, the Old City was largely demolished by the newly established State of Israel.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Old City of Haifa (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Old City of Haifa
Sderot PalYam, Haifa Kiriat HaMemshalah Rabin (Downtown District)

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Latitude Longitude
N 32.815833333333 ° E 35.002222222222 °
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רשות האוכלוסין וההגירה בחיפה, קרית הממשלה

Sderot PalYam 15
3303333 Haifa, Kiriat HaMemshalah Rabin (Downtown District)
Haifa District, Israel
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חיפה מראה חלקי JNF013403
חיפה מראה חלקי JNF013403
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Haifa
Haifa

Haifa (Hebrew: חֵיפָה Ḥēyfā [χeˈfa]; Arabic: حيفا Ḥayfa) is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of 285,316 in 2019. The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropolitan area in Israel. It is home to the Baháʼí Faith's Baháʼí World Centre, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a destination for Baháʼí pilgrimage.Built on the slopes of Mount Carmel, the settlement has a history spanning more than 3,000 years. The earliest known settlement in the vicinity was Tell Abu Hawam, a small port city established in the Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE). In the 3rd century CE, Haifa was known as a dye-making center. Over the millennia, the Haifa area has changed hands: being conquered and ruled by the Assyrians, Babylonians, Canaanites, Israelites, Phoenicians, Persians, Hasmoneans, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, Ottomans, and the British. Since the establishment of the Israeli state in 1948, the Haifa Municipality has governed the city. As of 2016, the city is a major seaport located on Israel's Mediterranean coastline in the Bay of Haifa covering 63.7 km2 (24.6 sq mi). It lies about 90 km (56 mi) north of Tel Aviv and is the major regional center of northern Israel. Two respected academic institutions, the University of Haifa and the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology the oldest and top ranked university in both Israel and the Middle East, are located in Haifa, in addition to the largest K–12 school in Israel, the Hebrew Reali School. The city plays an important role in Israel's economy. It is home to Matam, one of the oldest and largest high-tech parks in the country; Haifa also owns the only underground rapid transit system located in Israel, known as the Carmelit. Haifa Bay is a center of heavy industry, petroleum refining and chemical processing. Haifa formerly functioned as the western terminus of an oil pipeline from Iraq via Jordan. It is one of Israel's mixed cities, with an Arab-Israeli population of c.10%.

Haifa East railway station
Haifa East railway station

Haifa East railway station was built in 1904 by the Ottoman authorities as the western terminus of their Jezreel Valley railway. In the 1920s, under the British Mandate, Palestine Railways extended the Eastern Railway north to connect with the Jezreel Valley railway at Haifa station. At this time, Haifa was the only place in the world to have direct railway services to three continents: Istanbul in Europe, Kantarah in Africa, and Medina in Asia. To this day, the distances on the Israel Railways main line are measured from Haifa East station. As the first railway station in Haifa, it was originally named just "Haifa Station", and changed its name in 1937 when the new Haifa Center railway station opened. Until July 1940, Haifa East railway station housed the head office of Palestine Railways; but in 1940, citing the unfavourable physical environment in the busy downtown and the physical vulnerability next to the port of Haifa in time of war, the administration started moving its branches into Khoury House at the intersection of Nevi'im st. and Khoury st. During the Battle of Haifa (1948), Khoury House was burnt down together with all records of Palestine Railways; due to this, the headquarters of the emerging Israel Railways were established at Haifa Center railway station.The original station building at Haifa East was heavily damaged by an Irgun bombing on 20 September 1946, and only a small part of it is preserved. Currently, it houses some Israel Railways offices; the five-track former engine shed, situated across the tracks from the station building and built in c.1918, houses the Israel Railway Museum; and the station itself is used as a marshalling yard and a stabling point.