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Neuilly kindergarten hostage crisis

1993 in FranceDeaths by firearm in FranceHostage taking in FranceMay 1993 eventsNeuilly-sur-Seine
Nicolas Sarkozy

The Neuilly kindergarten hostage crisis took place from 13-15 May 1993, when Érick Schmitt (calling himself the "Human Bomb"), a depressed and unemployed businessman, held a kindergarten class in Neuilly-sur-Seine hostage for two days. He was armed with a flare gun and strapped with explosives, and was eventually killed on 15 May during a RAID assault. There were no other casualties. The police response to the crisis was controversial due to the circumstances under which Schmitt was killed and the involvement of future French president Nicolas Sarkozy.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Neuilly kindergarten hostage crisis (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors).

Neuilly kindergarten hostage crisis
Rue de la Ferme, Arrondissement of Nanterre

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N 48.8772 ° E 2.2536 °
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Rue de la Ferme
92200 Arrondissement of Nanterre
Ile-de-France, France
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Folie Saint James
Folie Saint James

The Folie St. James was a French landscape garden created between 1777 and 1780 in the Paris suburb of Neuilly-sur-Seine by Claude Baudard de Saint James, the treasurer of the French Navy under Louis XV of France. It was the work of landscape architect François-Joseph Bélanger, who had designed the garden of the Bagatelle for the Comte d'Artois. Saint James instructed Bélanger: "make what you want as long as it's expensive."The main attraction of the garden was a collection of forty-eight fabriques, or architectural constructions, placed on both sides of the avenue de Longchamp, and connected by two tunnels. The garden also featured a winding stream, crossed by numerous bridges. The fabriques included kiosques, a Chinese pavilion used an icehouse, temples, a thatched cottage, and an enormous artificial rock formation created of blocks of stone carried in carts from the Forest of Fontainebleau. The rock formation was forty three metres long, eighteen metres wide, and twelve metres high. The portico of a Doric temple was placed in an alcove of the rocks, and two staircases led up to view platforms on top of the rocks. Behind the rocks was a cascade of water which flowed into the stream. Inside the artificial rock hill was a winding tunnel encrusted with minerals and crystals, and several grottoes, as well as a bathing room with a vaulted ceiling and divans. The Scottish gardener Thomas Blaikie described the Folie this way: "This garden is, without doubt, an example of extravagance rather than taste. There is a rock built in front of the house, or rather an arch made of great blocks of stone over which water seems to flow. But although it was built at great cost, it has nothing to do with nature or natural beauty, since the rocks are mixed with carved stones, and there is a small Corinthian temple in the centre, and all the rest is equally ridiculous, because there is no mountain or height in the vicinity to form this enormous mass of rocks."Saint James was ruined by the financial crisis of 1780, and in 1787 all his belongings, including the Folie, were seized and sold. The garden was partially destroyed in 1895.

Louis Vuitton Foundation
Louis Vuitton Foundation

The Louis Vuitton Foundation (French: Fondation d'entreprise Louis-Vuitton), previously Louis Vuitton Foundation for Creation (Fondation Louis-Vuitton pour la création), is a French art museum and cultural center sponsored by the group LVMH and its subsidiaries. It is run as a legally separate, nonprofit entity as part of LVMH's promotion of art and culture. The art museum opened on October 20, 2014 in the presence of President François Hollande. The Deconstructivist building was designed by American architect Frank Gehry, with groundwork starting in 2006. It is adjacent to the Jardin d'Acclimatation in the Bois de Boulogne of the 16th arrondissement of Paris, bordering on Neuilly-sur-Seine. More than 1.4 million people visited the Louis Vuitton Foundation in 2017.The actual cost of the museum, initially projected to be €100 million, was revealed in 2017 to have been nearly eight times that sum. A November 2018 report of the Court of Audit indicated that from 2007 to 2014, building construction constituted the main activity of the Foundation. Earlier that month, FRICC, a French anti-corruption group, filed a complaint in court in Paris accusing the Louis Vuitton Foundation of committing fraud and tax evasion in the construction of its museum. It claimed the nonprofit branch of the LVMH conglomerate was able to deduct about 60% of the cost of the museum from its taxes and request tax refunds on some other costs. In all, FRICC claimed LVMH and the Louis Vuitton Foundation received nearly €603 million from the government toward the nearly €790 million construction costs of the museum. In September 2019, the case was dismissed.