Souq al-Zal

Safat Clocktower (Arabic: برج ساعة الصفاة), so called from the plaza it overlooks from the east, and colloquially nicknamed Big Ben of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: الساعة ببيغ بن السعودية), is a freestanding historic clocktower in the ad-Dirah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located east of the al-Hukm Palace compound in the Qasr al-Hukm District, nearby Souq al-Thumairi. Built in 1966 using German technology, it once served as a popular cultural landmark in the city until the 1970s. It was renovated in the second phase of the Qasr Al-Hukm District Development Project between 1988 and 1992.

Al-Hukm Palace (Arabic: قصر الحكم, romanized: Qaṣr al-Ḥukm, lit. 'Governance Palace'), also known as the al-ʽAdl Palace (Arabic: قصر العدل, romanized: Qaṣr al-ʿAdl, lit. 'Justice Palace'), so called from the public square it overlooks from the south, is a historic palace and a popular cultural heritage landmark in the ad-Dirah neighbourhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located directly opposite to Imam Turki bin Abdullah Grand Mosque in the Qasr al-Hukm District. It is the historic site where tribal leaders and members of the Saudi royal family have been pledging allegiance to the country's political leadership. Built in 1747, it was known as Ibn Dawwas Palace until the 1820s, when Turki bin Abdullah, after gaining control of Najd, shifted the royal family's center of power from Diriyah to the walled town of Riyadh due to the former's severe destruction in a brutal siege during the Ottoman–Wahhabi War of 1818 as well as the town’s Ottoman sacking in 1821. Once the administrative headquarters of the old city within the former walls, it was built by Deham bin Dawas in 1747 and is the oldest structure in Riyadh that was razed and rebuilt on numerous occasions over the course of time. It was also the official residences of several royals of the first and second Saudi states and today serves as the main office of the governor of Riyadh.

Sheikh Muhammad bin Ibrahim Mosque (Arabic: جامع الشيخ محمد بن إبراهيم) is a congregational mosque and an active place of worship in the ad-Dirah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located south of Souq al-Zal in the Qasr al-Hukm District. It was first established in 1773 as Dakhna Grand Mosque (Arabic: مسجد دخنة الكبير) in the Dakhna quarter and later got evolved into a center of learning for Hanbali Sunni scholars. Named after Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh, it is the oldest existing mosque in Riyadh and was demolished and rebuilt on numerous occasions throughout the 20th century, with the latest renovation having taken place in the period 2001–2005.

Hillat al-Dakhna (Arabic: حلة دخنة), alternatively transliterated as Dekhna or Dukhnah, was a quarter and a douar within the former city walls in southern Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located west of al-Gadimah and south of al-Duhairah in southern part of the walled town. The quarter contained the 18th century Dakhna Grand Mosque, due to which it was nicknamed as Hayy al-ʿUlamāʾ (Arabic: حي العلماء, lit. 'neighborhood of the scholars') and was located in close proximity to the Dakhna Gate. It was a prominent settlement and a major commercial center until the early 1960s and was incorporated into the metropolis of Riyadh between the 1950s and 1970s. It was named after Dakhna well and was itself attributed to a tribe from Asir named Bani Sharif. In 1773, following the House of Saud-led takeover of the walled town, Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Abd al-Wahhab built a mosque in the area, which later became a center of learning for Hanbali Sunni scholars and was dubbed as Hayy al-Ulama.The quarter hosted the residences of Sheikh Mohammad bin Ibrahim Al Asheikh, Sheikh Abdullah bin Abdulateef Al Asheikh, Abdulaziz ibn Saud, Saleh bin Abdulaziz Al Asheikh, Prince Abdullah bin Abdulaziz, Prince Fahd bin Abdulaziz as well as palaces of mother of Prince Fahd bin Saud bin Abdulaziz, Prince Saad bin Abdulaziz, Prince Badr bin Abdulaziz and Prince Faisal bin Saud bin Abdulaziz.

Al-Qanaiʼy (Arabic: حلة القناعي), or in Najdi vernacular pronunciation as al-Ghanaiy, was a quarter and a douar within the city walls in the erstwhile fortress-city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located between Mugailiyah and Muraighib in the northwestern part of the walled town.The quarter was attributed to the family of al-Qanaiʼy, who owned the land in the area and hosted two small markets, Qaisiriya Ibn Qulaib (later Souq al-Ushaiger) and Qaisiriya Prince Saad bin Abdullah.

Al-Qadimah (Arabic: حلة القديمة, lit. 'old settlement'), or in Najdi vernacular pronunciation as al-Gadimah and originally known as Hayy al-Aamir (Arabic: حي عامر), was a settlement and a douar within the city walls in the erstwhile fortress-city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located in the southeastern corner of the walled town. It was owned by a farmer called Ibn Issa and was later incorporated into the capital metropolis of Riyadh following the dismantling of the city walls in 1950. The area today forms part of the Qasr al-Hukm District in the ad-Dirah. The settlement hosted the al-Hilla Mosque.The settlement hosted the palaces of Imam Abdul Rahman bin Faisal al-Saud, Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman al-Saud, Prince Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman al-Saud, Prince Faisal bin Abdulaziz, Prince Muhammad bin Abdulaziz al-Saud, Prince Mansour bin Abdulaziz al-Saud, Prince Musaid bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, Prince Khalid bin Abdulaziz, and Prince Fahd bin Abdulaziz.

Deera Square (Arabic: ساحة الديرة), also known as Justice Square (Arabic: ميدان العدل) or Safa Square (Arabic: ساحة الصفاة) and infamously as Chop-Chop Square, is a public space in the ad-Dirah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located adjacent to the al-Hukm Palace compound and Imam Turki bin Abdullah Grand Mosque in the Qasr al-Hukm District. It is known as the historic site of public executions, where those sentenced to death in Saudi Arabia are publicly beheaded.At unannounced times, Saudi security forces and other officials clear the area to make way for the execution to take place. After the beheading of the condemned, the head is stitched to the body, which is wrapped up and taken away for the final rites. It is a crime to record, with photos or videos, the executions, despite the number of attendees witnessing such public events.Saudi Arabia remains the only country with legal capital punishment by decapitation (beheading) – in 2022, recorded executions in Saudi Arabia reached 196, the highest number recorded in the country in 30 years –, but beheading are no longer carried out in public, with no public executions having been recorded in the country in 2022, after crescent international criticism and comparison between Saudi Arabia's and the Islamic State group's practices relating to public executions by decapitation.

Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque (Arabic: جامع الإمام تركي بن عبد الله), also known as the Grand Mosque of Riyadh or simply the Grand Mosque (Arabic: الجامع الكبير), is a congregational mosque in the ad-Dirah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located adjacent to Qasr al-Hukm while it overlooks the Deera Square. It was established during the reign of Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad al-Saud, the founder and Imam of the Second Saudi State and was later named after him. Seating 17,000 worshippers and measuring 16,800 m2, it is one of the largest mosques in Saudi Arabia.The exterior and upper portion of the interior is primarily brown Arriyadh Limestone which appears golden when lit up at night. The lower portion of the interior is in white marble. The structure includes separate men's and women's libraries of 325-m2 each. The mosque is directly connected from the first floor to al-Hukm Palace via two bridges across as-Safaat Square.

Dakhnah Gate (Arabic: بوابة دخنة) or Dekhna Gate, alternatively known as al-Darwaza al-Kabirah (Arabic: الدروازة الكبيرة), is an 18th or 19th-century historic earth-structured fortified gateway in the ad-Dirah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located in the southern part of Qasr al-Hukm District. Named after the erstwhile Dakhna quarter of the former walled town, it was rebuilt from 1988 to 1992 as part of the Qasr Al Hukm District Development Project. The historic structure is one of the two last remaining gates of Riyadh's old city walls and served as the main entrance to the walled town of from the south, until the dismantling of the fortifications in the 1950s.

The Masmak Fort (Arabic: قصر المصمك, romanized: Qaṣr al-Maṣmak), also called the Masmak Fortress or Masmak Palace, is a clay and mudbrick fort in the al-Dirah neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located in close proximity to the al-Hukm Palace in the Qasr al-Hukm District. Built in 1865 for prince 'Abdurrahman ibn Sulaiman AlDabaan under the Emirate of Jabal Shammar, The fortress played an integral role in the Unification of Saudi Arabia, with the Battle of Riyadh, one of the most important conflicts of the Saudi unification, taking place in the fort. Since 1995, the fortress has been converted into a museum showcasing one of the most important landmarks of Saudi heritage.

Al Deira Market (Arabic: أسواق الديرة), also known as Souq Ushaiger (Arabic: سوق أشيقر) is a traditional shopping center in the ad-Dirah district of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located in the Qasr al-Hukm District. It contains 400 shops that specialize in the sale of handicrafts, imported fabrics and carpets. It emerged from the ruins of Qasiriya Ibn Qulaib (Arabic: قيصرية ابن كليب) and Souq al-Mughaibrah (Arabic: سوق المقيبرة). is alternately named after the town of Ushaiger, where most of the shopkeepers once came from. The market's origins can be traced back 19th century during the era of Second Saudi State and was rebuilt by the Riyadh Holding Company in its current form during the second phase of the Qasr Al Hukm District Development Project between 1988 and 1992.

Al-Ajnab (Arabic: حلة الأجناب, lit. 'the foreigners' quarter') was a quarter and a douar within the city walls in the erstwhile fortress-city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located in the northeastern corner of the walled town. It was situated east of Masmak Fortress, at the entrance of Bab al-Thumairi. The ruins of the settlement today include most of Souq al-Suweigah in the ad-Dirah neighborhood and its name was derived from al-ājānib (Arabic: الأَجانِب), the Arabic word for outsiders as most of its residents where foreigners who were given accommodation as guests or advisors of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud, such as John Philby and Muhammad Asad.The settlement shared close proximity with the Duhairah settlement from the east and al-Gadimah settlement from the south and following the dismantling of the city walls and subsequent expansion and modernization of Riyadh in the 1970s, the settlement evolved into Souq al-Suweigah and assumed most of its current form during the Qasr Al-Hukm District Development Project between 1983 and 1992. The settlement once hosted a garage that belonged to the future monarch of Saudi Arabia, Saud bin Abdulaziz and also hosted the residence of Princess Noura bint Abdul Rahman al-Saud, elder sister and adviser of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud and the eldest daughter of Abdul Rahman bin Faisal al-Saud, the last emir of the Second Saudi State.