General Directorate of Security (Portugal)

The International and State Defense Police (Portuguese: Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado; PIDE) was a Portuguese security agency that existed during the Estado Novo regime of António de Oliveira Salazar. Formally, the main roles of the PIDE were the border, immigration and emigration control and internal and external state security. Over time, it came to be known for its secret police activities. The agency that would later become the PIDE was established by the Decree-Law 22992 of August 1933, as the State Surveillance and Defense Police (Polícia de Vigilância e Defesa do Estado) or PVDE. It resulted from the merger of two former agencies, the Portuguese International Police and the Political and Social Defense Police. PVDE was founded by Captain Agostinho Lourenço, who in 1956 would become the president of Interpol. The PVDE was transformed into the PIDE in 1945. PIDE was itself transformed into the Directorate-General of Security or DGS in 1968. After the 25 April 1974 Carnation Revolution, DGS was disbanded in Portugal, but continued to exist transitionally in the Portuguese overseas territories as the Military Information Police or PIM, being finally completely disbanded in 1975. Although the acronym PIDE was only formally used from 1945 to 1969, the set of successive secret polices that existed during the 40 years of the Estado Novo regime are commonly referred to as the PIDE. Historically, this set of police agencies is also often referred as PIDE/DGS, from the acronyms of its two last designations. It is referred to in this last way in article 292 of the Portuguese Constitution, which states its criminalization and judgment of its former officers. During its existence, the organization was known for its actions during the Spanish Civil War, its role as a political police, its counter-espionage activities during World War II and its counter-insurgency operations in the Portuguese Colonial War.

Mártires (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈmaɾtiɾɨʃ]) is a former civil parish (freguesia) in the city and municipality of Lisbon, Portugal. It was one of the oldest civil parishes of Lisbon, dated from 1147. It had less than 400 inhabitants, and its area was 0.10 km². At the administrative reorganization of Lisbon on 8 December 2012 it became part of the parish Santa Maria Maior.

The Teatro Nacional de São Carlos (Portuguese pronunciation: [tiˈatɾu nɐsiuˈnaɫ dɨ sɐ̃w̃ ˈkaɾluʃ]) (National Theatre of Saint Charles) is an opera house in Lisbon, Portugal. It was opened on June 30, 1793 by Queen Maria I as a replacement for the Tejo Opera House, which was destroyed in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The theatre is located in the historical center of Lisbon, in the Chiado district.

The National Museum of Contemporary Art (Chiado Museum, in Portuguese: Museu Nacional de Arte Contemporânea do Chiado – MNAC) is an art museum located in the Chiado neighbourhood of Lisbon, Portugal. It was created in 1911 and re-inaugurated, in new installations, in 1994. The museum covers the period between 1850 and 1950, with works by the foremost Portuguese artists of the period, as well as some foreigners. It holds the best collection of Portuguese painting and sculpture from the Romanticism, Naturalism, and Modern periods. Among the artists represented are António Silva Porto, António Carneiro, António Soares dos Reis, Miguel Ângelo Lupi, Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso, Abel Manta, Dórdio Gomes, Adriano Sousa Lopes, José de Almada Negreiros, Nadir Afonso, Mário Eloy, Francisco Augusto Metrass, Mónica de Miranda, Auguste Rodin, and many others. The museum also hosts temporary exhibitions. Since 1911, the Chiado Museum has occupied part of the old Convent of São Francisco (Saint Francis) in Lisbon, a building of mediaeval origin. The 1994 adaptation and renovation of the museum areas were done by French architect Jean-Michel Wilmotte.

The Statue of António Ribeiro (Portuguese: Estátua de António Ribeiro) is a monument in Lisbon, Portugal, placed at the Chiado Square, within the civil parish of Misericórdia. It consists of a bronze statue, depictslint António Ribeiro Chiado, a local 16th-century poet, placed on a limestone pedestal. The monument was designed by António Augusto da Costa Motta, and unveiled on 18 December 1925.

The Chiado (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʃiˈaðu]) is a neighborhood in the historic center of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Chiado is an important cultural and commercial district, known for its luxury shopping, historic landmarks, and its numerous theatres and museums. In 1988, the Chiado area was severely affected by a fire. Following an extensive rehabilitation project by Pritzker-winning architect Álvaro Siza Vieira, the Chiado has recovered and become one of the most valuable real estate markets in Portugal.

The statue of Fernando Pessoa (Portuguese: Estátua de Fernando Pessoa) is a bronze statue in Lisbon, Portugal, placed at the Chiado Square, in feont of the coffeehouse Café A Brasileira at 120 Garrett Street, within the neighbourhood of Chiado in the civil parish of Misericórdia. It is dedicated to Fernando Pessoa, a poet and writer, vied as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets in the Portuguese language. The sculpture was designed by Lagoa Henriques, and unveiled on 13 June 1988.

The Camões Monument (Portuguese: Monumento a Camões) is a monument located in Luís de Camões Square in the Chiado neighbourhood of Lisbon, Portugal. The monument comprises a tall bronze statue of Luís de Camões, the national poet, on a lioz limestone pillar surrounded by eight smaller statures of leading figures of Portuguese culture and literature in the Age of Discoveries: Fernão Lopes, Pedro Nunes, Gomes Eanes de Zurara, João de Barros, Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, Vasco Mouzinho de Quevedo, Jerónimo Corte-Real, and Francisco de Sá de Meneses. The monument was sculpted by Victor Bastos and unveiled in 1867, in the presence of King Luís I and his father, Ferdinand II.

The Basilica of Our Lady of the Martyrs (Portuguese: Basílica de Nossa Senhora dos Mártires ) Is a Catholic church located on Rua Garrett, in Chiado, Lisbon, Portugal in the parish of St Mary (in the territory of the old parish of the Martyrs). Made in the baroque and late neoclassical style, it is an example of the quality of religious architecture in the context of the Pombaline rearrangement of Lisbon. The parish of Our Lady of the Martyrs was created immediately after the reconquest of Lisbon from the Moors in 1147. Its origin was a small chapel built to be able to house the image of the Virgin brought by English crusaders, was called by people "Our Lady of the Martyrs" in memory of all the soldiers who died in combat in defense of the Christian faith. According to tradition, D. Afonso Henriques requested the help and protection of the Virgin, and in it, the first baptism was made in the city after the Reconquest. By 1755, the hermitage was already a large baroque church when it was completely destroyed during the earthquake that hit Lisbon that year. The current basilica was designed by Reinaldo Manuel dos Santos, after having been dedicated by the religious authorities in March 1784.

The Café A Brasileira (The Brazilian Lady Cafe) is a café at 120 Rua Garrett (at one end of the Largo do Chiado in the district of the same name), in the civil parish of Sacramento, near the Baixa-Chiado metro stop and close to the University. One of the oldest and most famous cafés in the old quarter of Lisbon and constantly active, the shop was opened by Adrian Telles to import and sell Brazilian coffee in the 19th century, then a rarity in the households of Lisbon. Over time the space became the meeting point for intellectuals, artists, writers and free-thinkers weathering financial difficulties and finally a tourist attraction, as much as another coffee shop.

The Bertrand Library is a Portuguese book retailer operating 59 branches nationwide, including 2 in Madeira. Founded in 1732, its original store in the Chiado neighborhood of Lisbon was declared to be the oldest operating bookstore in the world by the Guinness Book of World Records in 2011. Bertrand has been frequented by numerous famous authors, including Alexandre Herculano, Fernando Pessoa, Eça de Queirós, Antero de Quental, Ramalho Ortigão, and the fictional protagonists of Antonio Tabucchi's short masterpiece "The Backwards Game".

The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is an agency of the European Union located in Lisbon, Portugal. Established in 1993, the EMCDDA strives to be the "reference point" on drug usage for the European Union's member states, and to deliver "factual, objective, reliable and comparable information" about drug usage, drug addiction and related health complications, including hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis.Though the EMCDDA primarily serves Europe, it also works with other partners, scientists and policy-makers around the world.