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Prospekt Haharina (Kharkiv Metro)

Kharkiv Metro stationsRailway stations opened in 1975
Gagarina 2.
Gagarina 2.

The Prospekt Haharina or Prospekt Gagarina (Ukrainian: Проспект Гагаріна, (listen); Russian: Проспект Гагарина) is a station on Kharkiv Metro's Kholodnohirsko–Zavodska Line. It opened on 23 August 1975. It is located in the southern part of the city's center, at the beginning of the Prospekt Haharina street, for which the station is named, and near the Kharkiv-Levada Railway Station and the nearby autostation, which accounts for the station's fairly large passenger traffic. During the planning stage of the metro station, the station was to be called Levada. Also, the station was to be decorated in traditional Ukrainian motifs and lettering. On the walls there were supposed to be mosaics depicting grasses and flowers. However, the oblast governing board did not approve of the plans, and some time before the grand opening of the station, the architectural details were taken off, to be replaced with a more standard type of station. The station is lain shallow underground and is a pillar-trispan, with square columns. The station itself was designed by V.A Spivachyk and P.G. Chechelnitskiy; engineered by P.A. Bochikashvili and V.S. Kotov; and decorated by A.F. Pronin and G.V. Tischenko. For the most part, blank marble was used, although grey granite was also used for the background of the station's name, which is seen in large aluminum letters. The lighting comes from groups of lamps placed in between the "ribs" (bars) of the ceiling. The floor has been paved with polished flags of grey and black granite. Coming from the side of the station vestibule, the walls are made of light-rose coloured marble, Gazgan. The station has no escalators, since it is put shallow, and instead has wide stairs, above which are installed architectural stained glass windows depicting the triumph of the first man in space, Yuri Gagarin.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Prospekt Haharina (Kharkiv Metro) (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Prospekt Haharina (Kharkiv Metro)
Vernadskoho Street, Kharkiv Левада

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N 49.980833333333 ° E 36.243333333333 °
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Vernadskoho Street
61010 Kharkiv, Левада
Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine
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Maidan Konstytutsii (Kharkiv Metro)
Maidan Konstytutsii (Kharkiv Metro)

The Maidan Konstytutsii (Ukrainian: Майдан Конституції, (listen) - Constitution Square) is a station on Kharkiv Metro's Kholodnohirsko–Zavodska Line. The station was opened on 23 August 1975. It is located in the historical part of Kharkiv, beneath the Maidan Konstytutsii (Constitution square), previously known as Soviet Square. The Maidan Konstytutsii station forms a complex with the adjacent station, Istorychnyi Muzei, on the Saltivska Line. Before the Istorychniy Muzei station's completion in 1984, a relief marble architectural item adorned with the hammer and sickle was located on the station. Inside the passenger transfer tunnel is the Kharkiv Metro's only public restroom, which is unlike the western European metro systems. Early during the planning stage, the station was to be called Tsentr, literally Centre, and to be built in the vicinity of the Tsentralny Restaurant. But because of the hydro-geological circumstances in the area, also affecting the construction of neighbouring stations, the station was moved to the northern end of the Constitution Square. Inside the cashier hall columns hold up the ceiling. They are made of marble blocks, the lower half being made of dark tones, gradually moving on into whiter tones. The station vestibule is lightened with luminescent lamps, put inside niches within the ceiling. The vestibule's area is 500 square meters, which due to the high passenger traffic, caused by the station being a transfer to another station. The Maidan Konstytutsii station is deep underground and is a pylon three-vaulted structure which is separated by arcades of the tracks. It was designed by V.A. Krasnolobov, N.P. Nikulin, and P.G. Chechelnitskiy; engineered by P.A. Bochikashvili, Y.E. Kryk and V.A. Tovalyuk; and decorated by D.G. Sova. The partitions the tracks have been held with are made of rose marble from Uzbekistan, and the arcades themselves have been finished with blank marble. The marble harmonizes with the floor which has been paved with red and black blocks of polished granite. Until the end of 1985, the station hall was lighted with lights placed inside original geometrical forms. In the next year, the geometrical lamp forms were replaced by different metal forms. In connection with the 350th anniversary of Kharkiv in 2003, the stations, including Ploshcha Konstytutsii, were lightened with brighter lamps. Until 20 November 2015, the station was named Radianska (in Russian, 'Sovetskaya'). On that day the Kharkiv city council renamed the station to comply with decommunization laws.

Second Battle of Kharkov
Second Battle of Kharkov

The Second Battle of Kharkov or Operation Fredericus was an Axis counter-offensive in the region around Kharkov against the Red Army Izium bridgehead offensive conducted 12–28 May 1942, on the Eastern Front during World War II. Its objective was to eliminate the Izium bridgehead over Seversky Donets or the "Barvenkovo bulge" (Russian: Барвенковский выступ) which was one of the Soviet offensive's staging areas. After a winter counter-offensive that drove German troops away from Moscow but depleted the Red Army's reserves, the Kharkov offensive was a new Soviet attempt to expand upon their strategic initiative, although it failed to secure a significant element of surprise. On 12 May 1942, Soviet forces under the command of Marshal Semyon Timoshenko launched an offensive against the German 6th Army from a salient established during the winter counter-offensive. After a promising start, the offensive was stopped on 15 May by massive airstrikes. Critical Soviet errors by several staff officers and by Joseph Stalin, who failed to accurately estimate the 6th Army's potential and overestimated their own newly raised forces, facilitated a German pincer attack on 17 May which cut off three Soviet field armies from the rest of the front by 22 May. Hemmed into a narrow area, the 250,000-strong Soviet force inside the pocket was exterminated from all sides by German armored, artillery and machine gun firepower as well as 7,700 tonnes of air-dropped bombs. After six days of encirclement, Soviet resistance ended, with the remaining troops being killed or surrendering. The battle was an overwhelming German victory, with 280,000 Soviet casualties compared to just 20,000 for the Germans and their allies. The German Army Group South pressed its advantage, encircling the Soviet 28th Army on 13 June in Operation Wilhelm and pushing back the 38th and 9th Armies on 22 June in Operation Fridericus II as preliminary operations to Case Blue, which was launched on 28 June as the main German offensive on the Eastern Front in 1942.

Kharkiv
Kharkiv

Kharkiv (Ukrainian: Ха́рків, IPA: [ˈxɑrkiu̯] (listen)), also known as Kharkov (Russian: Харькoв, IPA: [ˈxarʲkəf]), is the second-largest city and municipality in Ukraine. Located in the northeast of the country, it is the largest city of the historic Slobozhanshchyna region. Kharkiv is the administrative centre of Kharkiv Oblast and of the surrounding Kharkiv Raion. The latest population is 1,433,886 (2021 est.).Kharkiv was founded in 1654 as Kharkiv fortress, and after these humble beginnings, it grew to be a major centre of industry, trade and Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city was predominantly Russian in population, but after the Soviet government's policy of Ukrainization the city became populated mainly by Ukrainians with a significant number of Russians. Kharkiv was the first capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, from December 1919 to January 1934, after which the capital relocated to Kyiv.Kharkiv is a major cultural, scientific, educational, transport and industrial centre of Ukraine, with numerous museums, theatres and libraries, including the Annunciation and Dormition Cathedrals, the Derzhprom building in Freedom Square, and the National University of Kharkiv. Kharkiv was a host city for UEFA Euro 2012. Industry plays a significant role in Kharkiv's economy, specialized primarily in machinery and electronics. There are hundreds of industrial facilities throughout the city, including the Morozov Design Bureau and the Malyshev Tank Factory (leaders in world tank production from the 1930s to the 1980s); Khartron (aerospace, nuclear power plants and automation electronics); Turboatom (turbines for hydro-, thermal- and nuclear-power plants); and Antonov (the multipurpose aircraft manufacturing plant). Kharkiv was a major target of the Northeastern Ukraine offensive in Russia's invasion of Ukraine that began in February 2022. During the Battle of Kharkiv, the city was designated as a Hero City of Ukraine.

Sportyvna (Kharkiv Metro)
Sportyvna (Kharkiv Metro)

The Sportyvna or Sportivnaya (Ukrainian: Спортивна, (listen); Russian: Спортивная) is a station on Kharkiv Metro's Kholodnohirsko–Zavodska Line. It was opened on 23 August 1975. It is located in the southwestern part of the city's center, beneath the Plechanivska Vulytsia and the Derzhavinska Vulytsia junction. The station received its name from the word sport, due to the neighbouring FC Metalist Kharkiv Stadium, the biggest in Kharkiv. During the planning stage the station was to be called Stadium. The station is lain shallow underground and is a single-vault design with a rounded ceiling. The ceiling is covered with 6,200 triangular, cement structures, each having a weight of about 100 kilograms. The lighting in the station comes from lamps hanging from the cement structures. The partitions the tracks have been held with is made of black natural stone and the floor has been paved with flags of polished red granite, into which zigzag patterns, made from light coloured stone, have been introduced near the end of the platform. Also, small black slates of marble from Uzbekistan line the railings of the stairs which lead into the station vestibule. In 1995, the Sportivnaya station became a transfer station to the Metrobudivnykiv on the Oleksiivska Line, with which it forms a complex. Stairs leading to the transfer tunnel are located in the center of the Sportyvna station platform. Located not far from the station is one of Kharkiv's largest markets and the №3 bus station, from which buses take directions around the city and to international directions, including the Kharkiv-Shebekino line.

Istorychnyi Muzei (Kharkiv Metro)
Istorychnyi Muzei (Kharkiv Metro)

The Istorychnyi Myzei (Ukrainian: Історичний музей, (listen); literally "Historic Museum") is a station on Kharkiv Metro's Saltivska Line. The station was opened on 10 August 1984 and is currently the southwesternmost terminus of the Saltivska Line. It is located beneath the Maidan Konstytutsii, literally Constitution square in the historical part of Kharkiv, and is named for the historical museum which is located on the square. The station, inspired by the history of Kharkiv, has shaped columns and a relief-type ceiling in the station vestibule which give the feeling of the protected fort, which stood at this location during the 17th and 18th centuries. Also, the arrow-shaped arcs between the columns are reminiscent of fort gates. The columns are finished in a light colored marble Koelga and the tunnel walls are finished with brown marble and heraldic items made from bronze, which provide contrast. The Istorychniy Muzei station is located deep underground and is a pylon trivault and was designed by V.A. Spivachuk, P.G. Chechalnitskiy, and I.T. Karpenko; engineered by P.D. Pashkov, V.D. Shtuchkin, and L.P. Hryshyna; and was decorated by P.D. Chernova, V.E. Hutnik; I.I. Morgunov, O.Y. Erofeeva, V.V. Chursin, and V.D.Semenyuk. Istorychniy Muzei forms a complex with the adjacent Maidan Konstytutsii station on the Kholodnohirsko-Zavodska Line. Transfer tunnels from one station to another are located in the centre of the station. Also, four escalators lead into a spacious underground vestibule which is located under the Constitution Square. The vestibule is connected with the underground passenger tunnel which leads onto the square, to the Sums`ka Street, the largest street in Kharkiv, to the Universytets`ka Street, and to the Bursatskyi Descent. In 1985, during the finishing of the transfer tunnel from the Istorychniy Muzei to the Ploshcha Konstytutsii station, a closed-circuit television (CCTV) system was installed, the first in the Kharkiv Metro. Currently, all stations on the system have CCTV. The installation of this system allowed the workers of the metro to keep passengers in order and maintain more effective control over the escalators.