Guadalupe Group

Guadalupe Hill is a 3,360-metre (11,020 ft) high hill located in the Eastern Hills, uphill from the centre of Bogotá, Colombia. Together with its neighbouring hill Monserrate it is one of the landmarks of Bogotá. At the top of the hill a hermitage and a 15-metre (49 ft) high statue has been erected. The statue was elaborated by sculptor Gustavo Arcila Uribe in 1946 and is accompanied by a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Guadalupe. Guadalupe Hill is the type locality of the Guadalupe Group, a Late Cretaceous sedimentary sequence of sandstones and shales of 750 metres (2,460 ft) thick. The formation is being thrust on top of younger strata by the reverse Bogotá Fault as a result of the ongoing Andean orogeny. The hill is the source for the Manzanares and El Chuscal creeks that flow westwards onto the Bogotá savanna. Historically, Guadalupe Hill was an important sacred site for the indigenous Muisca, who inhabited the Bogotá savanna and surrounding regions before the Spanish conquest. During the colonial period, Guadalupe Hill contained a cross and the hermitage that was destroyed by various earthquakes in the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. On Sundays, Guadalupe Hill and its chapel and statue are visited by tourists and pilgrims from Bogotá, accessing the hill either by road and public transport or via a walking trail to the hilltop.

The University of America is a cross- border , transnational American university located in Willemstad, Curacao. Founded as Salt Lake Baptist College in 1983, the institution grew into an international Baptist interdisciplinary and technological distance- learning institution. The university emphasizes quality over size, concentrating on a core of academic disciplines with a strong reputation in Natural Medicine, Health Sciences, Law , Theology and Philosophy, Arts, engineering and applied sciences.The university has 13 schools, containing 30 academic departments; particularly noted are its programs in Religion, Theology, Philosophy, Natural Medicine, Health Sciences, Mechanical Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, Economics and Business Administration. The University of America is one of the universities of former Netherlands Antilles.

The Teleférico de Monserrate is a tourist cable car that connects Bogotá with the Monserrate hill.

Monserrate Sanctuary is a Catholic shrine in Bogotá, Colombia. The sanctuary was built between 1650 and 1657 and is 3,152 metres (10,341 ft) above sea level.

Laches is a neighbourhood (barrio) of Bogotá, Colombia. It is in the Santa Fe district in east-central Bogotá, on the edge of the forest reserve. In fact, some 4,500 inhabitants, mostly from the poorer strata of society, live in the forest reserve area in illegal dwellings.

Monserrate (named after Catalan homonym mountain Montserrat) is a high mountain over 10,000 feet high that dominates the city center of Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia. It rises to 3,152 meters (10,341 ft) above the sea level, where there is a church (built in the 17th century) with a shrine, devoted to El Señor Caído ("The Fallen Lord"). The Mountain, already considered sacred in pre-Columbian times when the area was inhabited by the indigenous Muisca, is a pilgrim destination, as well as a major tourist attraction. In addition to the church, the summit contains restaurants, cafeteria, souvenir shops and many smaller tourist facilities. Monserrate can be accessed by aerial tramway (a cable car known as the teleférico), by funicular, or by climbing, the preferred way of pilgrims. The climbing route was previously closed due to wildfires and landslides caused by a drought, but it reopened in 2017. All downtown Bogotá, south Bogotá and some sections of the north of the city are visible facing west, making it a popular destination to watch the sunset over the city. Every year, Monserrate and its neighbour Guadalupe attract many tourists.

The University of The Andes (Spanish: Universidad de los Andes), also commonly self-styled as Uniandes, is a private research university located in the city centre of Bogotá, Colombia. Founded in 1948 by a group of Colombian intellectuals led by Mario Laserna Pinzón, it was the first Colombian university established as nonsectarian (independent from any political party or religious institution). The university was ranked #220 globally and #5 in Latin America by the QS World University Rankings in 2023, placing itself as the top Colombian university.The university is academically composed of nine schools, three special academic entities—the Alberto Lleras Camargo School of Government, the Center for Research and Training in Education (Spanish: Centro de Investigación y Formación en Educación, CIFE), and the Interdisciplinary Center for Development Studies (Spanish: Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios sobre Desarrollo, CIDER)—and a joint academic venture with the medical institution Santa Fe de Bogotá Foundation, offering 31 undergraduate, 18 doctoral, and 38 graduate degree-granting programs in areas of human knowledge such as medicine, engineering, science, law and others.As of 2011, the university had produced 128 research groups recognized by Colciencias, most of them in the social sciences, mathematics, physics and engineering. By 2017, the number of groups recognized by Colciencias has increased to 153 research groups. It is one of the few Colombian universities to have received the maximum high quality institutional accreditation by the Colombian Ministry of Education, given in January 2015.

The Universidad Externado de Colombia (Externado University of Colombia) is a private university in Bogotá, Colombia. It has produced graduates including lawyers, academics, judges, financiers, journalists, as well as senior government officials and politicians. The institution grants 4 and 5 year professional degrees, as well as advanced Master and Doctoral degrees. Instruction is primarily in Spanish. As well as being a member of the Unión de Universidades de América Latina, UDUAL, and the Asociación Internacional de Universidades, AIU., it is a founding member of the Asociación Colombiana de Universidades, ASCUN.In 2005, UNESCO established a Chair in Human Rights, Violence, Public Policies and Governance, at the university.

The Central University (Universidad Central) is a private institution of higher education, whose two offices are at Bogotá, Colombia. It offers undergraduate and graduate programs in the areas of humanities, arts, economic and administrative sciences and engineering.

The Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca (Spanish: Estado Libre e Independiente de Cundinamarca) was a rebel state in colonial Colombia, replacing the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada from 1810 to 1815. It was part of the Foolish Fatherland (Patria Boba) period at the beginning of the Spanish American wars of independence. Its capital was Bogotá, the former capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. Following the occupation of Spain during the Napoleonic Wars, Cundinamarca was one of the states (such as United Provinces of South America (Argentina) and the First Republic of Venezuela) who replaced its viceregal government with a local junta in the name of the deposed Ferdinand VII. Following the creation of juntas all over New Granada, the provinces started establishing their own autonomous governments. Unable to unify them into a single state, the Junta Suprema in Santafé (the former vice-royal capital and the center of the Province of Cundinamarca), which had been installed on July 20, 1810, called for constitutional assembly for the province. In March, 1811, the province convened a "Constituent Electoral College of the State of Cundinamarca," which promulgated a constitution the following month declaring the creation of the Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca, with Jorge Tadeo Lozano as its first president. The constitution followed the model of the Constitution of the United States, and established Cundinamarca as a Catholic and constitutional monarchy, under the absent Ferdinand VII (it would only declare full independence from Spain in August 1813).Antonio Nariño, who had been appointed as Mayor of the city of Santafé on August 30, 1811, started pushing for a strong centralist position from the newspaper he created, La Bagatela (or The Triffle). Nariño became a ruthless critic of Lozano, whom he accused of indecisiveness. The aggressive criticisms by Nariño and his followers led to a riot in the city on September 19, 1811, following which president Lozano and his vice president were forced to resign. Fearful of popular rioting, the legislature elected Nariño as president and conceded to his demands that increased the influence of the executive power. The conflict between centralist and federalist ideas that characterized the following years is called the Foolish Fatherland. While Cundinamarca, including the old capital and administrative machinery, advocated the establishment of a strong centralist government, other parts of the old viceroyalty banded together as the United Provinces of New Granada to support a federal structure. Unable to unify the country in a centralist state, and fearing the loss of power that would come as a consequence of federalism, Cundinamarca under Nariño became embroiled in Civil War against other provinces, particularly Tunja, where the Federalst Congress had settled. On November 26, 1812, Nariño left with his army to conquer Tunja. On December 2, 1812, his army faced a federalist army commanded by Antonio Ricaurte and Atanasio Girardot in the Battle of Ventaquemada, and was soundly defeated, having to retreat back to Bogota. The federalist troops, however, only started pursuing more than a week later. Following the defeat, and the subsequent declaration of independence from the Province of Socorro, Nariño resigned as soon as he arrived to the city, but not finding a suitable replacement, he was reinstalled as dictator. Nariño prepared to defend the city, which was sieged on December 24. Nevertheless, on January 9, 1813, in the Battle of San Victorino, Nariño's troops proved superior and the federalist armies were completely defeated. In June 1813, he was appointed dictator for life, and the following month, the Republic of Cundinamarca finally declared independence from the Monarchy. In July 1813, and motivated by his victory over the federalists, General Nariño began an intensive military campaign against the remaining Spanish and Royalist forces in the south, intending to reach Pasto and eventually Quito. Nariño's forces, known as the Army of the South, numbering 1500 to 2000 men, managed to capture Popayán in January 1814, but were utterly defeated in Pasto in May 1814, and Nariño was arrested and then sent to the Royal prison at Cádiz via Quito. The federalists took advantage of this to attack Bogota, which allowed General Simón Bolívar of the United Provinces to force terms in December 1814. By mid-1815, however, Pablo Morillo arrived with a large Spanish force and returned the region to submission to the since-restored Ferdinand. Morillo's campaign culminated with the capture of Santafé on May 6, 1816.

Bogotá Province was one of the provinces of Gran Colombia and later of the Republic of New Granada.

Chorro de Quevedo (Quevedo's fountain) is a fountain located in the neighborhood of La Candelaria in Bogotá. It signifies the purported location were Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, a Spanish conquistador, first established the foundations of Bogotá in 1538. Also, it is considered the place where the Zipa, or chief of the Muisca tribe, would regularly survey the Bogotá savanna. In 1832, an Augustine priest named Father Quevedo purchased the site and built a fountain there. The original fountain was destroyed in 1896, due to pipe damage from a collapsing bridge. It is located above Calle 13 and Carrera 2.In the plaza, there is a small white chapel called the Hermitage of San Miguel del Principe that was re-built in 1969 on the site of the very first chapel in Bogotá. It is based on a reconstruction of a church that was once in Santander Plaza but razed because the external appearance was too plain. The church steps and the nearby arch was built by Javier Olave to recognize the local "lunatics": Bobo del Tranvía, the Conde Cuchute, the Loca Margarita.Several films have been shot at this location, including La estrategia del caracol and Diástole y sístole. These films reflect the bohemian subculture of the area. There are narrow alleyways nearby that have artist studios and hostels. Colorful street art can be found on nearby walls. There are also local establishments nearby that serve chicha.In the square, public storytellers can be found.