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22, Rue du Général de Castelnau

20th-century architectureArt Nouveau architecture in StrasbourgArt Nouveau housesHouses completed in 1903Monuments historiques of Strasbourg
Strasbourg Rue du Général de Castelnau 22
Strasbourg Rue du Général de Castelnau 22

The House on 22, Rue du Général de Castelnau is an Art Nouveau building in the Neustadt district of Strasbourg, France. It is classified as a Monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1975. Located at the angle of Rue du Général de Castelnau and Rue du Maréchal Foch, it has a triangular plan and two facades. The house was built from 1901 until 1903 by the architects Franz Lütke (1860–1929) and Heinrich Backes (1866–1931), who used one of the floors as their office. Lütke and Backes were professional partners from 1898 until 1907. A very prolific duo, they built a number of other Art Nouveau houses in Strasbourg, of which several are classified as Monuments historiques as well (such as 46, Avenue des Vosges; 56, Allée de la Robertsau; 4, Rue Erckmann-Chatrian; and 24, Rue Twinger).In spite of the use of reinforced concrete, the house is described as "lithe and light" (souple et léger). It has been called "probably the finest Art Nouveau apartment building in the city".

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article 22, Rue du Général de Castelnau (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

22, Rue du Général de Castelnau
Rue du Maréchal Foch, Strasbourg Centre

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude Longitude
N 48.589027777778 ° E 7.7511111111111 °
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Address

Rue du Maréchal Foch 31
67073 Strasbourg, Centre
Grand Est, France
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Strasbourg Rue du Général de Castelnau 22
Strasbourg Rue du Général de Castelnau 22
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Place Broglie
Place Broglie

Place Broglie (Bröjel in Alsatian German) is one of the main squares of the city of Strasbourg in the French departement of Bas-Rhin. The square is located on the Grande Île, the ancient city center, and has an elongated rectangular shape that is some 275 metres (902 ft) long and 50 metres (160 ft) wide. It is notable for its prestigious surroundings: the Opera House, the City Hall, the Governor's Palace, the Prefect's Palace, the Strasbourg building of the Banque de France and the historic Mess building. Civilian architecture includes Renaissance (n° 2), Rococo (n°12), Art Nouveau (n° 1), Historicism (n° 22) and Half-timbered Alsatian style (n° 15). At the westernmost point of the square, close to the bridge Pont du Théâtre leading to the Neustadt stands the ″Janus fountain″ (fontaine de Janus), designed by Tomi Ungerer and inaugurated in 1988, for the 2000th anniversary of the first mention of Argentoratum.At the site of the current Banque de France building (a grand Louis XV style edifice from 1925–1927) once stood the birthplace of Charles de Foucauld as well as the house of Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich where Rouget de l'Isle reportedly sang the Marseillaise for the first time. These former houses and notable events are commemorated on the façade by a set of plaques. A monument by Georges Saupique close to the Opera House (a sandstone obelisk adorned with bronze statues) commemorates Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque and the Liberation of Strasbourg. It was inaugurated in 1951. A statue of François Christophe de Kellermann by Léon-Alexandre Blanchot (1935) stands nearby. A monument to the Marseillaise, a work by Alfred Marzolff (1922) is located next to the city hall.Place Broglie is a stop on the Strasbourg tramway, which is served by lines B, C and E.

Siege of Strasbourg
Siege of Strasbourg

The siege of Strasbourg took place during the Franco-Prussian War, and resulted in the French surrender of the fortress on 28 September 1870. After the German victory at Wörth, troops from the Grand Duchy of Baden under Prussian General August von Werder were detached to capture Strasbourg with the help of two Prussian Landwehr divisions which had been guarding the North Sea coast. This 40,000-strong siege corps reached the fortress on 14 August and began to immediately bombard it. The defenses were largely obsolete and 7,000 of the 23,000-strong French garrison were National Guard militiamen. Desiring a quick surrender, the Germans began a terror bombardment to destroy the morale of the civilian population on 23 August. Explosive and incendiary shells were rained down on the city for four days and entire quarters were reduced to ash. Panic developed among the civilians but there was no capitulation.A shell shortage forced Werder to lower the intensity of the German fire on 26 August and switch to formal siege operations. The Germans dug their way closer to the fortress through trench parallels and destroyed specific sections of the defenses with concentrated bombardments. The siege progressed rapidly, French sortie attempts were defeated and by 17 September the enceinte wall had been breached. At the same time, the defenders' morale was lowered by news of the annihilation of the Army of Châlons at Sedan and the encirclement of the Army of the Rhine in Metz.On 19 September the Germans captured their first outwork and began a devastating close-range bombardment of the bastions. With the city defenseless and a German assault imminent, the French commander, Lieutenant-General Jean-Jacques Uhrich surrendered the fortress, 17,562 troops, 1,277 artillery pieces, 140,000 rifles, including 12,000 Chassepots, 50 locomotives and considerable stores of supplies into German hands on 28 September. The French National Guards were allowed to disperse. The Germans lost 936 troops. The besiegers expended 202,099 shells, with a weight of about 4,000 tons. Some 861 French soldiers died from all causes by the end of the siege and thousands were wounded. A total of 341 civilians were killed by the bombardment and a further 600–2,000 wounded. An estimated 448 houses were completely destroyed and 10,000 inhabitants were rendered homeless. The German siege operation was successful in clearing up railway lines to German forces in the French interior and freed up several divisions and a corps for operations along the Seine and in the siege of Paris. The deliberate German targeting of civilian morale presaged the total wars of the 20th century.