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New Georgia's fort

1856 establishments in Kansas TerritoryBleeding KansasBuildings and structures in Miami County, KansasForts in Kansas

New Georgia's Fort was located in Miami County, Kansas, southeast of Osawatomie. During the partisan warfare in Kansas Territory in 1856 commonly known as Bleeding Kansas, a colony of Southerners, possibly all Georgians, established New Georgia. This colony was located on the Marias des Cygnes River. A blockhouse fort was constructed there and entrenchments were begun but the fort destroyed before the entrenchments could be completed. Northern settlers in the area claimed settlers at New Georgia harassed them. In reality, some settlers from both the North and South had groups who caused trouble with their neighbors.August Bondi and Dr. Rufus Gilpatrick spied on New Georgia during two trips taken in July and August 1856. During August the Free-State Northerners decided to take action against four Southern strongholds in the area to help put an end to the pro-slavery cause in Kansas. Southern partisans wanted Kansas admitted to the Union as a slave state. From period sources, it is not completely clear how a Free-State group of men took possession of New Georgia's fort. It is known of the four forts taken, New Georgia was the first to fall.There is only partial agreement as to how the Northern partisans took possession of the New Georgia fort, but the information obtained by Bondi and Gilpatrick helped in the planning to take the place. The group of men intending to run the Southerners out of New Georgia left Lawrence, Kansas, on August 5. Lawrence was a Free-State stronghold. It is not known how many men defended the fort, but the Free-Staters may have fired a few shots before reaching it. Even the number of defenders was disputed by several sources, but probably about 100 men were there.Several sources said when its defenders fled, they left behind many supplies, mostly food. After the Free-Staters loaded all they could into wagons, they burned the fort and the supplies they could not carry away. The retreating Georgians moved from New Georgia to Fort Saunders, another Southern stronghold, located southwest of Lawrence.The fort at New Georgia was not rebuilt.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article New Georgia's fort (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors).

New Georgia's fort
West 343rd Street,

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N 38.505 ° E -94.8538 °
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West 343rd Street

West 343rd Street

Kansas, United States
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Paola's post

Paola's post, sometimes called Post Paola, in Miami County, Kansas, was located on the west side of Bull Creek, just west of Paola, Kansas. It was probably established in December 1861, as that was the first time it was mentioned. This post became one of the more important posts along the Kansas-Missouri border during the Civil War. It became a district headquarters in 1863. Later, in September 1864, it was designated a subdistrict headquarters, when the district headquarters was moved to Lawrence, Kansas. The military road from Fort Leavenworth to Fort Gibson ran through Paola, thus ensuring the post always had some importance.The number of troops at Paola fluctuated several times during the Civil War. It was even temporarily abandoned at least once, which resulted in its being looted by Confederate guerrillas. This was on August 21, 1863. The previous night Confederate guerrilla leader William C. Quantrill led 400 guerrillas and Confederate Army recruits on a raid to Lawrence. There was much activity at Paola's post and the troops from the post moved into town to defend it against Quantrill. After raiding Lawrence, Quantrill moved toward Paola.As the post was abandoned or was virtually so, one of his subordinates, William T. Anderson (nicknamed "Bloody Bill Anderson" years later), took some men into the post to get supplies. As it was a district headquarters, it had several hundred thousand dollars of military supplies. Quantrill himself was forced to move north of Paola after being surrounded for a time by Union troops.In fall 1864 Confederate Maj. Gen. Sterling Price raided Missouri and this caused much activity at Paola's post. Men were moved into and out of Paola from the first of October until Price neared the area in late October. It was even feared Paola's post, which had considerable military stores, would be left defenseless. When Price was defeated in the Battle of Westport on October 23, he retreated south along the Kansas-Missouri border. The next day Price passed within 10 miles (16 km) of Paola, which had some troops left to defend it.Through the rest of the Civil War, Paola's post had anywhere from one to three companies of soldiers. It took until June 1865 for the last Confederate guerrillas to put down their arms. In August or September 1865, with no need to have so many military posts in the area, Paola's post was deactivated.

Congregational Church (Osawatomie, Kansas)
Congregational Church (Osawatomie, Kansas)

The Congregational Church in Osawatomie, Kansas, at 315 6th St., was built in 1858-61. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.It is associated with abolitionist John Brown, as its early preacher and leader, Samuel L. Adair, was married to John Brown's half-sister Florella Brown. After moving to the area with his family in 1855, Adair organized the church, including the first meeting on April 13, 1856 with six free-staters. Church services were held in the Adair cabin, which was later moved to and preserved in the John Brown Memorial Park and is itself listed on the National Register. The National Register nomination for this church reads:The battles of Osawatomie on June 7 and August 30 of that year devastated the town, and church minutes show that hymn books and the Sunday School library were "carried away or burned."... "The congregation reassembled in December 1857 and, in 1858, began the work of building a church home. Samuel Adair worked to raise money, and with his son moved stone and walnut lumber, and actually built the church by 1861. At that time, a severe drought caused many residents of Osawatomie and the Kansas Territory to leave and return a year later. The 1860 census of Osawatomie did not differentiate between the town and the township but showed a population of 304 -167 males and 137 females. " Florella returned to Ohio on what she called a "calling and begging trip" to collect donations enabling Adair to hire local craftsman to help complete the church. Among those contributing to the construction of the church were the ForeFathers' Fund, the Aid to Kansas Committee, the Congregational Church of Brookfield, Massachusetts and many individuals who "believed the church structure to be a crucial one .. .in a time of crisis." Reverend Adair's own account stated that the total amount raised for the church was $2,045.97.11. It is a one-room Congregational church, about 32 by 60 feet (9.8 m × 18.3 m) in plan, with elements of Greek Revival and Gothic Revival design. Greek Revival aspects include cornice returns. Gothic Revival aspects include multi-light windows and the type of interior window trim. It is built of Kansas limestone and has a cedar-shingled roof. Interior walls are plastered or mortared and have walnut wainscoting.It has a belfry with its original iron bell, cast in Troy, New York in 1868.It was one of the first three Congregational churches organized in Kansas; the others were the Plymouth Congregational Church organized in Lawrence on October 15, 1854 and the First Congregational Church organized in Manhattan on January 6, 1856.A photo from around 1860 shows the church, and is believed to be the earliest surviving photo of it.