Spas-Zagorye

The Luzha (Russian: Лужа) is a river in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, which originates in Moscow Oblast. It is a right tributary of the Protva (in the Oka river basin). The Luzha has a length of 159 km (99 mi) and a drainage basin area of 1,400 km2 (540 sq mi). The Luzha freezes up in November (rarely in December) and breaks up in April. The town of Maloyaroslavets, the site of an important battle in 1812 during the French invasion of Russia, is located on the Luzha.

Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant (Russian: Обнинская АЭС, romanized: Obninskaya AES; ) was built in the "Science City" of Obninsk, Kaluga Oblast, about 110 km (68 mi) southwest of Moscow, Soviet Union. Connected to the power grid in June 1954, Obninsk was the first grid-connected nuclear power plant in the world, i.e. the first nuclear reactor that produced electricity industrially, albeit at small scale. It was located at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering. The plant is also known as APS-1 Obninsk (Atomic Power Station 1 Obninsk). It remained in operation between 1954 and 2002. Its production of electricity for the grid ceased in 2002; thereafter it functioned as a research and isotope production plant only. According to Lev Kotchetkov, who was there at the time: "Although utilisation of generated heat was going on, and production of isotopes was even enhanced, the main task was to carry out experimental studies on 17 test loops installed in the reactor." The technology perfected in the Obninsk pilot plant was later employed on a much larger scale in the RBMK reactors.

Obninsk (Russian: О́бнинск) is a city in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Protva River 100 kilometers (62 mi) southwest of Moscow and 80 kilometers (50 mi) northeast of Kaluga. Its population is 125,376 at the 2021 census.

Obninsk Meteorological Tower is a 310 meter tall silver-grey guyed steel tube mast at Obninsk, Russia. Obninsk Meteorological Tower was built in 1958 and is equipped with multiple platforms on different heights, on which devices for measuring radioactivity and for meteorological science are installed. Obninsk Meteorological Tower is the official landmark of the Russian science town Obninsk.

Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian: Федеральный исследовательский центр «Единая геофизическая служба Российской академии наук» (ФИЦ ЕГС РАН)) is a research body responsible for geological research.

Belousovo (Russian: Белоу́сово) is a town in Zhukovsky District of Kaluga Oblast, Russia. Population: 10,946 (2021 Census); 8,412 (2010 Census); 8,515 (2002 Census); 11,886 (1989 Soviet census).

Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering (Russian: Обнинский институт атомной энергетики, traditionally abbreviated ИАТЭ) is an institution of higher education located in Obninsk. It began as a branch of the Moscow Engineering and Physics Institute in 1953 to provide specialists in the field of nuclear physics, reactor physics and reactor engineering for the Soviet Union's growing nuclear industry. The education was provided in close cooperation with nuclear-related research institutions in Obninsk. In 1985 the status was changed for Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering to be the leading educational institution to train specialists for rapidly developing nuclear power in the former Soviet Bloc countries. In 2002 it acquired the status of the state technical university. In 2002-2009 it functioned as the Obninsk State Technical University for Nuclear Power Engineering. (Russian: Обнинский государственный технический университет атомной энергетики). In 2009 the Obninsk State Technical University for Nuclear Power Engineering was incorporated into the MEPhI National Research Nuclear University.

Maloyaroslavets (Russian: Малояросла́вец) is a town and the administrative center of Maloyaroslavetsky District in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Luzha River (Oka's basin), 61 kilometers (38 mi) northeast of Kaluga, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 41,836 (2021 Census); 30,392 (2010 Census); 31,606 (2002 Census); 26,582 (1989 Soviet census). 21,200 (1970).

Maloyaroslavetsky District (Russian: Малоярославецкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,547 square kilometers (597 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Maloyaroslavets. Population: 68,702 (2021 Census); 54,269 (2010 Census); 55,910 (2002 Census); 51,377 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Maloyaroslavets accounts for 60.9% of the district's total population.

Yermolino (Russian: Ермо́лино) is a town in Borovsky District of Kaluga Oblast, Russia. Population: 10,809 (2021 Census); 10,409 (2010 Census); 9,454 (2002 Census); 10,573 (1989 Soviet census).

Balabanovo (Russian: Балаба́ново) is a town in Borovsky District of Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Protva River 76 kilometers (47 mi) northeast of Kaluga, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 29,029 (2021 Census); 26,337 (2010 Census); 23,312 (2002 Census); 19,139 (1989 Soviet census).

Borovsk (Russian: Бо́ровск) is a town and the administrative center of Borovsky District of Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Protva River just south from the oblast's border with Moscow Oblast. Population: 12,598 (2021 census); 12,283 (2010 census); 11,917 (2002 census); 13,405 (1989 Soviet census). 12,000 (1969).