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Universitatea Alternativă

2008 establishments in RomaniaEducation in BucharestEducational institutions established in 2008Europe university stubsRomanian building and structure stubs

Universitatea Alternativă (en: The Alternative University) is an informal education project developed by CROS - Centrul de Resurse pentru Organizații Studențești, an Education NGO in Bucharest, Romania. The project aims to provide a different learning experience to its students, focusing on autonomy and freedom of its students.Wishing to meet the demand for reform of the public educational system in Romania felt by some students, a group of five students from Politehnica University of Bucharest decided to establish CROS (which will later develop Universitatea Alternativă), as an environment for NGOs led by students.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Universitatea Alternativă (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors).

Universitatea Alternativă
Intrarea Mihai Eminescu, Bucharest Cartierul Armenesc (Sector 2)

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N 44.4485 ° E 26.1041 °
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Intrarea Mihai Eminescu 5
020071 Bucharest, Cartierul Armenesc (Sector 2)
Romania
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Icoanei Church
Icoanei Church

The Icoanei Church (Romanian: Biserica Icoanei) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 12 Icoanei Street in Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. The church derives its name from a 1682 icon that mentions a wooden church which, according to Nicolae Iorga, was built by Ceauș (messenger) David Corbea, whom Constantin Brâncoveanu sent as emissary to the court of Peter the Great. In its early years, it was thus also known as Ceauș David or Popa Dima, after a priest. In its stead, Mihail Băbeanu, former privy secretary to the Prince of Wallachia, built a domed wooden church surrounded by cells, variously dated to 1745-1750 or 1770. The first masonry church, dedicated to the Trinity, dates to 1784–1786; its ktetor was mercenary captain Panait Băbeanu, nephew of Mihail. As depicted in the votive painting, this church had three domes and a three-lobed plan, and was painted in fresco. Panait added twelve cells for poor widows.Damaged by the 1838 earthquake, the church was restored by Pană Băbeanu, the grandson of Panait, assisted by parishioners. The iconostasis, still in use, dates to 1850. By 1862, the church was in ruins, its funds wasted by Ioniță Băbeanu. In 1873, Elena Băbeanu commissioned a substantial renovation, led by architect Alexandru Orăscu, which gave the building its current form. The 1887-1889 restoration added the portico, redid the domes and enlarged the windows. Under the auspices of another Mihail Băbeanu, the painting was redone in 1889 by a pupil of Gheorghe Tattarescu, covering the old frescoes. In 1928, architect Paul Smărăndescu undertook a thorough renovation, removing the central dome. Consolidation took place after the earthquakes of 1940 and 1977, while work on the iconostasis and painting unfolded in 1967 and 1980. The church was re-sanctified in 1991.The cross-shaped church measures 23 meters long by 9 to 10.8 meters wide; the apses are in slight relief and circular both inside and out. The round Pantocrator dome above the nave has eight windows; the square bell tower above the narthex, aligned with the western facade, has two large windows on each side. The roof is flat, in two halves, terminating in a tympanum at the bell tower base. Entry is through a small open portico with a decorated frieze; it rests on pairs of stone columns. The facade ornamentation is slightly in relief: a cornice with small palmettes underscored by a sawtooth design, floral rosettes placed above the windows, icons of Saints Peter and Paul to the sides of the entrance. The interior windows are colored in pastel tones, with blue predominant. The tin-coated domes are decorated similarly to the facade.The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs. Also listed is the tomb of General Ioan Odobescu. The yard holds several other graves, the earliest being from 1846. The icon of the Virgin Mary, which attracts visitors, is kept before the altar.

Pitar Moș Church
Pitar Moș Church

The Pitar Moș(u) Church (Romanian: Biserica Pitar Moș) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 16 Pitar Moș Street and at 45 Dionisie Lupu Street in Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos. The church is located on the site of an earlier wooden church, called Popa Ivașcu’s. The present structure was built of masonry in 1795 by Prince Alexander Mourouzis; it was decorated with frescoes on bare mortar. It was mentioned by ban Mihai Cantacuzino on an 1828 plan, and in registers of 1810 and 1831. Its current name, first appearing in 1818, is believed to have initially referred to the surrounding district, where an old man (moș), a Bulgarian gardener named Pedar, cultivated vegetables; he lived over a century and died before 1805. According to the old pisanie, repairs took place in 1898. Consolidation, financed by parishioners, was undertaken after the 1940 earthquake. More repairs happened in 1964, and it was re-sanctified by Patriarch Justinian Marina in 1966, when the painting was redone. In 2003, the facade was repaired and painted in white, and a new, carved entrance door was installed.The cross-shaped church measures 24 meters long by 9.5-10.7 meters wide, with slightly deep side apses, polygonal on the exterior. The two square-based domes are nearly equal in size and have bulb-shaped roofs. The slightly projected cornice runs along the arches of the side facades of both the octagonal bell tower and the twelve-sided Pantocrator dome. The enclosed portico with ornamental stained-glass windows, has a wide middle arch. The narthex is covered by a rounded ceiling between two wide arches. The first part of the nave is covered in a barrel vault, while the Pantocrator dome rises above the center. The stained glass is decorated with crosses. A slender belt course decorated with vines divides the facade into two sections. The upper part has painted panels on recessed rectangles of varying sizes. The cornice and the narrow frieze, formerly painted with floral motifs, run beneath the wide eaves of the tin roof. The well-planted churchyard connects the entrance on Pitar Moș Street with Dionisie Lupu Street, near the altar.The church was listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs in 2023. Also listed were the parish house, stone cross and grounds.

Darvari Skete
Darvari Skete

The Darvari Skete (Romanian: Schitul Darvari) is a Romanian Orthodox skete located at 3 Schitul Darvari Street, Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to the Archangels Michael and Gabriel. In 1834, căminar (tavern tax collector) Mihalache Darvari built a small church with no dome behind the Icoanei Church. Surrounded by monastic cells and walls, it served as a family chapel. Nuns from Pasărea and Samurcășești monasteries were brought in the following year. They remained until 1864, when domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza ordered them outside the city, and services were subsequently held by married priests. In 1869, monks passing through from Prodromos visited, officiating like on Mount Athos and attracting many visitors. A few stayed behind. In 1894, administrator Nicolae Darvari repaired the ruined skete, adding a small dome to the church.The old church was entirely demolished in 1933-1934 and replaced by the current structure. Architect Gheorghe Simotta employed an Oltenian-Muntenian style, while the entire interior was painted in Athonite fresco by Iosif Keber. In 1959, the communist regime sent the monks to the monasteries at Cernica and Bucium, and Darvari became a subsidiary of Icoanei. The complex was declared a historic monument in 1992, and reopened as a monastic establishment in 1996, with eight young monks.The small cross-shaped church measures 19 x 8 meters, with an octagonal dome that sits on a square base above the nave. The porch has been closed since the original construction. Ktetor Darvari is buried on the west end of the interior. Small silver boxes display relics of several saints, including John Chrysostom, Charalambos, Ignatius of Antioch, Eleftherios, Gerasimus of the Jordan and Ambrose. The monastic cells, chapel and refectory were completed in 2001.

Dichiu–Tirchilești Church
Dichiu–Tirchilești Church

The Dichiu–Tirchilești Church (Romanian: Biserica Dichiu–Tirchilești) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 72 Icoanei Street in Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to Saint Nicholas. The church existed by 1773, but lacks a pisanie or other inscriptions attesting its precise origins. Its name comes from two sources: Deoghen, traditionally considered the ktetor, was dichiu or oikonomos of the Metropolis of Ungro-Wallachia; while he was assisted by a certain Tirchilă. For some years, the surrounding area was a village called Tirchilești, incorporated into Bucharest by 1789. Local tradition holds that the church initially served a skete of monks, which ceased to exist when the city extended its boundaries, transforming the building into a parish church. In 1880, it was extended and a wooden dome added. Repairs took place in 1898 and 1903. The interior was painted in fresco in 1949–1953, while exterior repainting was carried out in 1955.The church measures 22 meters long by 6–10 meters wide, and is situated on an elevation. It is cross-shaped, with polygonal exterior apses, an octagonal dome above the nave and, above the narthex, a square bell tower. The latter is topped by a cross sitting on a small roof lantern supported by four slender columns. Interior columns were demolished, while the formerly open portico is entirely closed by masonry, ending in a flat facade with two small pylons at the ends. The exterior was frequently modified as well: the string course does not survive, and the sides feature arches in the lower part, medallions in the upper. The entrance is flanked by icons of Saints Peter and Paul. Two rows of seven saints each, with floral decorations, sit above the entrance, as does the patron saint's icon.The church owns a restored Gospel Book and relics of Saints Paraskeva of the Balkans, Stephen, John the New of Suceava and the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, all displayed in a silver hand. It is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.