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Henson Airlines Flight 1517

1985 in VirginiaAccidents and incidents involving the Beechcraft Model 99Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot errorAirliner accidents and incidents in VirginiaAviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1985
September 1985 events in the United States
F BTME Beech99 Coventry (32324209896)
F BTME Beech99 Coventry (32324209896)

On September 23, 1985, Henson Airlines Flight 1517 crashed in Grottoes, Virginia, while on approach to the Shenandoah Valley Regional Airport. The two pilots and twelve passengers were killed.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Henson Airlines Flight 1517 (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Henson Airlines Flight 1517

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude Longitude
N 38.226583333333 ° E -78.777083333333 °
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Address

Rockingham County



Virginia, United States
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F BTME Beech99 Coventry (32324209896)
F BTME Beech99 Coventry (32324209896)
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Nearby Places

Blackrock Springs Site
Blackrock Springs Site

The Blackrock Springs Site (44-AU-167) is an archaeological site in Shenandoah National Park, in Augusta County, Virginia, United States. The site was discovered during the early 1970s as part of a comprehensive survey of the national park. It is one of fifteen sites that the survey found along Paine Run,: 135  a group that also includes the Paine Run Rockshelter and the unnamed 44-AU-154.: 136  Located near the stream's source at Blackrock Springs,: 90  the site measures approximately 150 by 60 metres (490 ft × 200 ft),: 89  although the survey concluded that it was only about 5 centimetres (2.0 in) deep.: 198  It was occupied during an exceptionally long period of time, beginning before 7000 BC and continuing until after 1000 BC;: 167  among the earliest artifacts found at Blackrock Springs is a St. Albans-related projectile point, and the most intensive uses appear to date from the middle to late Archaic period.: 92  This chronological distribution, together with the uneven physical distribution of artifacts (most were found in several small clusters, rather than being spread evenly around the site): 104  and the nature of the artifacts found (approximately 98% of the three thousand items catalogued were pieces of locally obtained quartzite), led investigators to conclude that millennia of tribesmen in the Shenandoah Valley and the Piedmont used the site as a base camp for occasional hunting and gathering on the mountainside.: 168 The Blackrock Springs Site's archaeological value is so significant that it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 1985, together with the Paine Run shelter and site 44-AU-154.

Paine Run Rockshelter
Paine Run Rockshelter

The Paine Run Rockshelter (44-AU-158) is an archaeological site in Shenandoah National Park, in Augusta County, Virginia, United States. The site was discovered during the early 1970s as part of a comprehensive survey of the national park. It is one of fifteen sites that the survey found along Paine Run,: 135  a group that also includes archaeological site 44-AU-154 and the Blackrock Springs Site.: 136  Located in a mountainside hollow,: 21  near three other rockshelters,: 135  the site is deeply stratified.: 25  It is a small shelter, only about 45 square metres (480 sq ft) in area, and little taller than the average man.: 71  The shelter faces northward, toward the narrow floodplain and Paine Run, which flows approximately 15 metres (49 ft) away;: 73  it sits just east of site 44-AU-154.: 71 While other archaeological sites in Paine Run Hollow date primarily from the Archaic period,: 43  the rockshelter appears to have been occupied at a period of culture change, as the inhabitants were in the process of transitioning from the use of quartzite to cryptocrystalline for their stone tools.: 42  Evidence of occupation persists as late as the fourteenth century AD.: 167  The site's two components yielded eight hundred and fifteen hundred separate artifacts in total;: 198  its artifactual density was the highest of any site recorded by the survey, prompting its interpretation as a regional base camp used frequently by larger groups of people.: 163  The surveyors readily conducted a test excavation after finding many lithic flakes, pieces of pottery, and projectile points on the surface.: 73  The ceramics are dominated by a form known as "Albemarle cord-marked", which represents nearly two-thirds of potsherds found in the shelter.: 78  Meanwhile, the shapes of the surviving lithic flakes (small pieces with almost no cores) appears to indicate that toolmaking done in the shelter consisted of refining rough work that had been performed elsewhere.: 80 The site's archaeological value is so significant that it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 1985, together with 44-AU-154 and the Blackrock Springs Site.

Archeological Site No. AU-154
Archeological Site No. AU-154

Site AU-154 (in full, 44-AU-154) is an archaeological site in Shenandoah National Park, in Augusta County, Virginia, United States. The site was discovered during the early 1970s as part of a comprehensive survey of the national park. It is one of fifteen sites that the survey found along Paine Run,: 135  a group that also includes the Paine Run Rockshelter and the Blackrock Springs Site.: 136 Site 44-AU-154 lies on the southern side of Paine Run at the mouth of its hollow, on the edge of the national park and at the foot of the Blue Ridge, thus occupying a transition zone between the Shenandoah Valley and the mountain. It extends from the stream to the base of the mountain, approximately 25 metres (82 ft) north to south, while east to west it is four times as long.: 66  At the time of its discovery, a Forest Service fire road bisected the site; the northern half was partially occupied by a privately owned house, while the southern half was part of the national park.: 67  Approximately 400 metres (1,300 ft) east of the site is a rock outcrop with several rockshelters, including the significant Paine Run Rockshelter.: 71 Out of more than 2,000 artifacts discovered in a cursory excavation of the road and roadside sections of the site, more than 98% were locally obtainable jasper and quartzite. Some of the projectile points found at the site were characteristic of the Savannah River and Halifax cultures, allowing the site's occupation to be dated as occurring between 3000 and 1000 BC.: 69  During this time, the site is likely to have been used as a semipermanent base camp for Indians relying either on the mountain resources or the resources of the valley, whether for tool-manufacturing, processing hunted animals, or using plants found nearby.: 71  Because AU-154 bears evidence of a wider range of activities than do some of the smaller sites located higher up on Paine Run, it may have been a central point for activities occurring at the single-use higher camps.: 140 The site's archaeological value is so significant that it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 1985, together with the Paine Run shelter and the Blackrock Springs Site.