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Duluth lynchings

1920 in Minnesota1920 murders in the United StatesAfrican-American history of MinnesotaDuluth, MinnesotaEvents in Duluth, Minnesota
History of racism in MinnesotaJune 1920 eventsLynching deaths in MinnesotaMurdered African-American peopleRacially motivated violence against African AmericansUse American English from June 2022Use mdy dates from June 2022
Duluth lynching postcard
Duluth lynching postcard

On June 15, 1920, three African-American circus workers, Elias Clayton, Elmer Jackson, and Isaac McGhie, suspects in an assault case, were taken from the jail and lynched by a white mob of thousands in Duluth, Minnesota. Rumors had circulated that six African Americans had raped and robbed a nineteen-year-old white woman. A physician who examined her found no physical evidence of rape. The 1920 lynchings are the only known instance of lynching of African-Americans in Minnesota. Twenty other lynchings were recorded in Minnesota, and included mainly Native Americans and Whites. Three men were convicted of rioting, but none served more than fifteen months. No one was ever prosecuted for the murders. The state of Minnesota passed anti-lynching legislation in April 1921, and lynchings have not been recorded in Minnesota since. In 2003, the city of Duluth erected a memorial to the lynched men. In 2020, Max Mason, who was convicted in court after the lynchings, was granted the first posthumous pardon in the history of the state.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Duluth lynchings (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Duluth lynchings
East 1st Street, Duluth

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N 46.7893 ° E -92.0968 °
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Clayton-Jackson-McGhie Memorial

East 1st Street
55804 Duluth
Minnesota, United States
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claytonjacksonmcghie.org

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Duluth lynching postcard
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Duluth, Minnesota
Duluth, Minnesota

Duluth ( (listen) də-LOOTH) is a port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of St. Louis County. Located on Lake Superior in Minnesota's Arrowhead Region, the city is a hub for tourism and cargo shipping. Commodities shipped from the Port of Duluth include coal, iron ore, grain, limestone, cement, salt, wood pulp, steel coil, and wind turbine components. Duluth is south of the Iron Range and the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. Duluth is named after Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, the area's first known European explorer. The population was 86,697 at the 2020 census, making it Minnesota's fifth-largest city. Duluth forms a metropolitan area with neighboring Superior, Wisconsin. The two cities are commonly called the Twin Ports. Situated on the north shore of Lake Superior at the westernmost point of the Great Lakes, Duluth is the largest metropolitan area, the second-largest city and the largest U.S. city on the lake, and is accessible to the Atlantic Ocean 2,300 miles (3,700 km) away via the Great Lakes Waterway and St. Lawrence Seaway. The Port of Duluth is the world's farthest inland port accessible to oceangoing ships, and by far the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes. The port is among the top 20 U.S. ports by tonnage. A tourist destination for the Midwest, Duluth has the nation's only all-freshwater aquarium, the Great Lakes Aquarium; the Aerial Lift Bridge, which is adjacent to Canal Park and spans the Duluth Ship Canal into the Duluth–Superior harbor; and Minnesota Point (known locally as Park Point), the world's longest freshwater baymouth bar, spanning 6 miles (10 km). The city is also the starting point for vehicle trips touring the North Shore of Lake Superior toward Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.

Downtown Duluth
Downtown Duluth

The downtown of Duluth, Minnesota, United States, is situated between Mesaba Avenue (Highway 194) and 4th Avenue East; and located on Michigan, Superior, First, Second, and Third streets. The downtown area is home to a number of the city's cultural and social attractions, as well as government offices and business centers. Duluth's main library is located in downtown, as is the city's foremost museum, the courthouse, city hall, several local restaurants and bars with live music venues, and many of the larger business offices. Stores and places to eat and drink tend to be locally or regionally owned and operated, with most chain and franchise establishments having located (or re-located) themselves in the "Miller Hill area" around the Miller Trunk Corridor. A large portion of the eastern section of downtown is oriented around Essentia Health–St. Mary's Medical Center and Miller-Dwan Medical Center. The downtown area is easily accessible from Interstate Highway 35. Most of the downtown is within walking distance of the touristy Canal Park district. Five blocks along Superior Street and seven blocks along 1st Street West have been designated the Duluth Commercial Historic District, with 87 contributing properties built between 1872 and 1929. It was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006 for its state-level significance in the themes of architecture and commerce. It was nominated for representing Duluth's commercial development and popular architectural styles at the turn of the 20th century.

Fire Station No. 1 (Duluth, Minnesota)
Fire Station No. 1 (Duluth, Minnesota)

Fire Station No. 1 is a former fire station in the Central Hillside neighborhood of Duluth, Minnesota, United States. The two-building complex was constructed in 1889. It was one of the first fire stations in Duluth, built as the city transitioned from a volunteer fire department to a professional municipal agency. The station consists of a Romanesque Revival engine house and a plainer stable/shop building which wraps around it in an L.Fire Station No. 1 was redesignated Station No. 3 in 1897. In 1910 the Duluth Fire Department constructed a new headquarters nine blocks away. As the department acquired its tenth gas-powered fire engine near the end of that same decade, response times had decreased to the point that there was no need for another station so close to headquarters. The original Fire Station No. 1 was closed on March 1, 1918. The complex was transferred to the city's public works department as a maintenance and storage facility. No longer needed, the station's original bell tower was removed at this time. Sometime between 1925 and 1940 a second-floor passageway was added between the engine house and the shop building. In 1953 the complex was sold to Duluth Public Schools, which used it as a maintenance and storage facility for the rest of the 20th century. In 2012 the two buildings were redeveloped into an affordable housing complex.The engine house was initially listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Engine House No. 1 in 1975 for its local significance in the themes of architecture and social history. It was nominated as an example of Duluth's late-19th-century fire stations and a component of the city's formative municipal services. The nomination was updated in 2012 to recognize the stable/shop building as part of the listing.