École-Valentin station

École-Valentin is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Torcols, or The Torcols is a sector of Besançon, Doubs, France, located north of the city.

Miserey-Salines (French pronunciation: ​[mizʁɛ salin]) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

The École Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM) is a French school of engineering. It is part of Polyméca, a network of schools focusing on mechanical engineering.

The Fort of Justices (officially Fort Pajol, French: Fort des Justices) was built in the 1860s or early 1870s located in Montrapon-Fontaine-Écu, Besançon, Franche-Comté. It was constructed for use in the Franco-Prussian War to stop the Prussian forces from invading from Vesoul, but was never used in battle and was abandoned. It was later demolished in the 1980s. In the 1800s, the French government decided to construct defences as there was a possible war with Germany. The defence of Besançon had hardly changed since the guidance of Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban which had provided the city with its citadel, but it was agreed that new fortifications were essential. At least 25 forts were constructed within 50 km (31 mi) of Besançon.The exact date of construction is unknown, but it is believed to have been in the 1860s or early 1870s. The construction of the fort was not subject to strategic research, and was the reaction of a possible attack from Germany, explaining the simplicity of the buildings. None of the forts around Besançon were used in the Franco-Prussian War, and the building was abandoned after the war. Pierre Claude Pajol was responsible for the location of the fort, and it was designed to flank the Fort of Montboucons. The Fort of Justices was not used in World War One as Besançon was not involved in the conflict, and there is no evidence of it being used in World War Two.The site is believed to have been abandoned just after the First World War, the fort's current location is occupied by the offices of the National Gendarmerie for Franche-Comté, and the fort was demolished in the mid-1980s. The fort measured 350 by 120 metres (1,150 by 390 ft), artillery was positioned on the front and smallest sides of the fort, and it was designed so the central buildings were protected from attack.

The canton of Besançon-2 is an administrative division of the Doubs department, eastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Besançon.It consists of the following communes:

Saint-Claude is a large district of the east of Besançon.

The Besançon Astronomical Observatory (French: Observatoire de Besançon ou Observatoire des sciences de l'Univers de Besançon) is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS, National Center for Scientific Research). It is located in Besançon, France.In the past, the Besançon Observatory participated in assessing and rating Swiss timepiece movements for accuracy. As marine navigation adopted the usage of mechanical timepieces for navigational aid, the accuracy of such timepieces became more critical. From this need developed an accuracy testing regime involving various astronomical observatories. In Europe, the Neuchatel Observatory, Geneva Observatory, Besançon Observatory and Kew Observatory were examples of prominent observatories that tested timepiece movements for accuracy. The testing process lasted for many days, typically 45 days. Each movement was tested in 5 positions and 2 temperatures, in 10 series of 4 or 5 days each. The tolerances for error were much finer than any other standard, including the ISO 3159 chronometer standard that other testing bodies such as COSC use. Movements that passed the stringent tests were issued a certification from the observatory called a Bulletin de Marche, signed by the Director of the Observatory. The General Bulletin Order stated the testing criteria, and the actual performance of the movement. A movement with a bulletin from an observatory became known as an Observatory Chronometer, and such were issued a chronometer reference number by the Observatory. The role of the observatories in assessing the accuracy of mechanical timepieces was instrumental in driving the mechanical watchmaking industry toward higher and higher levels of accuracy. As a result, today high quality mechanical watch movements have an extremely high degree of accuracy. However, no mechanical movement could ultimately compare to the accuracy of the quartz movements being developed. Accordingly, such chronometer certification ceased in the late 1960s and early 1970s with the advent of the quartz watch movement.

Pirey (French pronunciation: ​[piʁɛ]) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

Montrapon, with Fontaine-Écu are two sectors forming an area located in the north of Besançon (France). In 1990, they counted approximately 10,000 inhabitants.The Fort of Justices was located in this area.

The Palais des Sports (Besançon), also known as Palais des sports Ghani-Yalouz, is an indoor sports arena, located in Besançon, France. The capacity of the arena is 4,000 people. The stadium is named after Ghani Yalouz, a French former Olympic wrestler.

The canton of Besançon-3 is an administrative division of the Doubs department, eastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Besançon.It consists of the following communes: Besançon (partly) Les Auxons Châtillon-le-Duc Miserey-Salines Tallenay