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Social Democratic Party (Romania)

1992 establishments in RomaniaFull member parties of the Socialist InternationalParty of European Socialists member partiesPolitical parties established in 1992Progressive Alliance
Registered political parties in RomaniaSocial Democratic Party (Romania)Social democratic parties in Romania

The Social Democratic Party (Romanian: Partidul Social Democrat, PSD) is the largest social democratic political party in Romania and also the largest overall political party in the country, except for European Parliament level, where it is the second largest by total number of MEPs, after the National Liberal Party (PNL). It was founded by Ion Iliescu, Romania's first democratically elected president at the 1990 Romanian general election.The PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN), a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front (FSN). In 1993, this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (Romanian: Partidul Democrației Sociale in România, PDSR). The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party (PSDR) in 2001. Since its formation, it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country. The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996, while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000. The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004, and from March 2014 to November 2015, as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 (with the Democratic Liberal Party, PDL) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 (as part of the Social Liberal Union, USL). It is a member of the Progressive Alliance (PA), which was founded in 2013, Socialist International (SI), and Party of European Socialists (PES). As of 2014, the PSD had 509,000 members.The PSD left government after former Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015, only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017, shortly after it achieved a major victory in the 2016 Romanian legislative election. Party founder Iliescu became the president of Romania, in office from the 1989 to 1996, and again from 2000 to 2004. The largest party in the Parliament of Romania with initially 47 seats in the Senate of Romania and 110 seats in the Chamber of Deputies (as obtained at the 2020 Romanian legislative election), it also has the largest number of mayors, as well as the second largest number of local and county councillors and county presidents (after PNL), remaining the biggest and most influential political force in the country to the present day.

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Social Democratic Party (Romania)
Șoseaua Pavel Dimitrievici Kiseleff, Bucharest Aviatorilor (Sector 1)

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N 44.461238888889 ° E 26.081347222222 °
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Șoseaua Pavel Dimitrievici Kiseleff 10
011346 Bucharest, Aviatorilor (Sector 1)
Romania
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French Church (Bucharest)
French Church (Bucharest)

The French Church of the Sacred Heart (Romanian: Biserica Franceză "Sacré-Cœur") is a Roman Catholic parish church located at 3 Gheorghe Demetriade Street, Bucharest, Romania. It is classified as a historic monument by the Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.In the spring of 1906, Monsignor Vladimir Ghika, working with Sister Elisabeta Pucci, whom he had called from Thessaloniki, began work on a building for the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul on land donated by Maria Pâcleanu. In 1922, work began on the Saint Vincent de Paul Sanatorium, inside of which there was a chapel where masses were held until 1930. Additionally, there was a chapel in Pâcleanu's adjacent residence. In 1930, next to the sanatorium's eastern wall, the Daughters of Charity built the parish church, with the altar facing north.On November 12, 1946, the C. I. Parhon Endocrinology Institute was established in the building of the sanatorium. Thus, the area retained a charitable focus, but the church was closed in 1957, a decade into the Communist regime; all charitable activity "by superiors for the poor, orphans and the sick" had been outlawed. On rare occasions, services were held for foreign delegations passing through the country. On December 1, 1991, following the collapse of Communism, the church was reopened and the parish re-established. In 2004, fifty years after he died a political prisoner in Jilava prison, a statue depicting Ghika was placed on a square near the church. As of 2009, the parish has nearly 2000 members, and services are regularly held in Romanian, French, English, Latin and Arabic.The church is in the style of a basilica, with three naves preceded by a small vestibule. The central nave is 6 m wide and has a slightly vaulted ceiling. The others are lower, have flat ceilings, are 3 m wide and are each separated by four square-shaped pillars with Byzantine-style capitals. An extension of the central nave, marked by an arch, features the apse, which has stained-glass windows and a horizontal ceiling. The choir is above the entry into the nave, and there is a small organ to the right of the entrance. Light comes in through large, rectangular windows adorned in stained glass with floral Art Nouveau motifs. The walls and ceilings are painted without decoration. Fourteen bas-relief panels on the walls depict the Stations of the Cross.The exterior is painted simply, in white. The roof has two slopes and is covered in terracotta tiles. Above the roof, behind the entrance facade, there is a small tower with square sides. This has four small, open three-lobed arches, and sharp-angled pediments on each side. On top is a cross and a Gallic rooster. The vestibule is lower, also has a two-sloped roof, and a rounded door. It is located on the southern side before the main facade and provides entry into the church. On either side are two niches surrounded by multiple arches in relief.

Mavrogheni Church
Mavrogheni Church

The Mavrogheni Church (Romanian: Biserica Mavrogheni) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 4 Monetăriei Street in Bucharest, Romania, north of Victory Square. It is dedicated to the Life-giving Spring. The church was built in 1786-1787 by Nicholas Mavrogenes, the Prince of Wallachia, and his wife Maria, in thanks for their daughter’s recovery from an incurable disease. It was initially a monastery attached to Panagia Ekatontapiliani on his native Paros, and the ktetor endowed it with land, stores and mills. It became a parish church after the 1863 secularization of monastic estates.The church was already deteriorated in 1794, when Prince Alexander Mourouzis ordered repairs. After the 1838 earthquake, it was repaired in 1847: the dome above the narthex was removed, and a portico was added, the latter being replaced in 1947. According to the new pisanie, massive repairs took place in 1890 and again in 1902. Further interventions were undertaken in 1941, following the 1940 quake, which destroyed the bell tower near the street; and in 1945, following the 1944 aerial bombardments. In 1971-1973, the interior was repainted after the 1927 frescoes had deteriorated. The 1977 earthquake affected the structure.The cross-shaped church has ample apses: these are rectangular on the exterior, semicircular on the interior, while the altar apse is elongated. The octagonal dome sits above the nave, while the narthex ceiling is curved on three sides. The small portico features an arch resting on two columns with capitals decorated florally. The facades are simple, with a cornice in profile and a sawtooth decoration. The large windows end in semicircles. An unusual element of the interior painting is a depiction of the zodiac in the choir area. The iconostasis was restored in 1977; it is a wall 80 centimeters thick, painted with five levels of icons in Baroque style. The oriental influences and stucco relief decorations of plants and animals are typical of the 18th century.The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs. Also listed is the tomb of Ion Heliade Rădulescu. The yard holds several other graves, belonging to Princess Zoe Bagration (Văcărescu), the Filipescu family, Prince Mihail Suțu and his wife. In 1997, a new bell tower was built in Neo-Brâncovenesc style.