Union Concert Hall, Odesa

The Odessa pogroms were a series of violent anti-Jewish riots and attacks in the multi-ethnic port city of Odessa in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Odessa had become a successful and cosmopolitan city known for liberal attitudes, and a hotbed of revolutionary activity in the Russian Empire, with a growing and vital Jewish community that had grown more prosperous along with the city, even though the majority still lived in abject poverty. The pogroms became an international cause célèbre for the Jewish diaspora. Notable pogroms occurred in 1821, 1849, 1859, 1871, 1881, 1886, 1900, 1905, and 1918–1919, resulting in hundreds of Jewish deaths, thousands of injuries, and destruction of property, devastating the community and driving emigration. The causes of the pogroms included religious and ethnic discrimination, economic competition and resultant economic antisemitism, and political changes. Odessa's population included Greek, Jewish, Russian, Ukrainian, and other communities, with the Jewish population growing to become the second-largest group behind Russians. The earlier pogroms, such as those in 1859 and 1871, were initiated by Greeks with Russians joining in. After 1871, the pogromists were mainly Russian joined by ethnic Ukrainians. Pogromists came from all different classes and occupations. According to Jarrod Tanny, most modern-day historians argue that pre-1881 pogroms were "largely the product of frictions unleashed by modernization", rather than a resurgence of medieval antisemitism. The 1905 pogrom was markedly larger in scale, with over 500 casualties (80% Jewish), 300 injuries, and over 1600 homes and businesses damaged, and with heightened antisemitism spurred by economic and political turmoil. Historians such as Robert Weinberg and Shlomo Lambroza believe the police and hospital figures were likely an underestimate, with a range of estimates from likely over 800, to over 1000 killed, and approximately over 2000 or even up to 5000 wounded. Even the pre-20th century incidents were incited by perennial antisemitic tropes such as rumors of Jewish desecration of the church, conspiracy theories of Jewish complicity in assassinating the tsar or the patriarch, and blood libels. While most modern-day historians do not believe there is credible evidence that tsarist state actively sponsored or centrally planned the pogroms, the tsar and his advisors created an environment of sanctioned antisemitism, toleration and leniency toward pogromists, and blamed Jews themselves for the events. Local authorities often failed to intervene, or in some cases actively abetted or perpetrated further violence. Victoria Khiterer notes that while historians debate whether the pogroms were spontaneous or organized by authorities (per Weinberg, somewhere between both), there is evidence that the pogroms were part of a Russian government policy aimed at suppressing the revolutionary movement, for which Jews were a scapegoat. Right-wing organizations such as the Union of Russian People and the Black Hundreds knew they had support from sympathetic authorities to incite the violence. After the 1917 revolution, the pogroms were also perpetrated by the Bolshevik Red Army. The pogroms became an international symbol, and inspired the growth of Jewish intellectual and national movements as enlightened Jewish thinkers were forced to contend with pervasive antisemitism that threatened their lives.

The Institute of Marine Biology is a research institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which located in Odesa, Ukraine. The institute is organized on the base of the Odesa Branch of the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas.

The Diocese of Odesa-Simferopol (Latin: Odesensis-Sympheropolitanus) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in southern Ukraine and Crimea. A significant part of the Latin Church in Ukraine, it covers an area equivalent to about one-third the size of Poland including areas impacted by 2014 Crimean crisis, and the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine. Since 2014, there has been a de facto inter-state border that splits the diocese. Bronislaw Bernacki is the current bishop of the diocese. He was appointed to the See of Odesa-Simferopol in May 2002 and is based in Odesa. Jacek Pyl is an auxiliary bishop and is based in Simferopol.

The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Cathedral (Ukrainian: Катедральний собор Успіння Пресвятої Діви Марії) also called Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary is the name given to a religious building belonging to the Catholic Church and is located in the city of Odesa in the southwest part of the European country of Ukraine.The temple follows the Roman or Latin rite and was built between 1844 and 1853 thanks to the efforts of Catholics from Poland and Germany and the initiative of Father Grzegorz Razutowicz, designed by Polish architect Feliks Gąsiorowski with the help of Italian architect Francesco Morandi. The church was built as a three-aisled basilica with a dome selected cruise on a cruciform plan. Inside white and gray marble were used. In the painting of the main altar is an image of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in 1850 which is a copy of Raphael. The interior is adorned with many valuable paintings and large crystal chandeliers. Pope Pius IX donated to the church in 1852 marble baptismal font. Next to the church is an orphanage, a nursing home, a Catholic school and a shelter for children was built. Pope Francis granted a Pontifical decree of coronation to the shrines venerated Marian image on 3 August 2022. The rite of coronation was executed on August 15 of the same year, the Solemnity of the Assumption.

The Al-Salam Mosque and Arabian Cultural Center (Ukrainian: Арабський культурний центр) are located in Odesa, Ukraine. The cultural center and mosque were opened in June 2001.

The Odesa Numismatics Museum (Ukrainian: Одеський музей нумізматики, romanized: Odeskyi muzei numizmatyky) is a currency museum in Ukraine. The museum preserves and exhibits ancient relics from the Northern Black Sea Region and Rus-Ukraine. The museum is located in the center of Odesa: at 33 Hretska Str. (Ukrainian: вулиця Грецька, 33) — Exhibition of ancient and medieval coins, old and modern Ukrainian banknotes; antique pottery of the Northern Black Sea region and fine art of Kievan Rus';. The museum branch at 5 Catherine's Sq. (Ukrainian: площа Катерининська, 5) — Coin Gallery (Монетный двор, "Monetny dvor"; literally "Monetary Court" — Exhibition of modern coins and monetary tokens of Ukraine — has been closed for a very long time. The website of the museum has not been updated to reflect the closing of this branch of the museum. Over the last 10 years, the museum has concentrated on the augmentation, preservation and study of historical relics and the cultural heritage of the Ukrainian people. This in turn has brought numerous awards from the Ukrainian Parliament, Government, National Bank of Ukraine and from authorities of the Odesa Oblsast and the city of Odesa. The museum maintains contact with scientific, historical and cultural organizations in 100 countries of the world.

Odesa National University of Economics (ONEU, Ukrainian: Одеський національний економічний університет, romanized: Odeskyi natsionalnyi ekonomichnyi universytet) – one of the leading universities in Ukraine, founded in 1921 with the aim of training highly qualified specialists in economics, conducting research overall spectrum of economic problems.

Mayurov House, also known as the Roundhouse is a famous building in Odesa, Ukraine. It is located in the city center on the Hretska Ploshcha (Greek Square), dividing it into two parts: a round part (with a well in past) and the Greek Market.

Hretska Square, or Hretska Ploshcha (Ukrainian: Грецька Площа, lit. 'Greek Square') is one of the main squares of Odesa. It is on the crossing of Hretska Street and Oleksandrivskyi Prospekt. At different times it has been called Aleksandrovskaya (Russian: Александровская площадь) or Martynovskogo (Russian: Площадь Мартыновского). This is one of the biggest squares of Odesa. It is rectangular, with the oval building of Mayurov House in the center, also with semi-round houses on the sides. This is the oldest square in Odesa. It survived from the market square of the town of Khadzhibey. Down by Hretska Street, between Hretska Ploshcha and Katerynynska Street, was a Muslim cemetery. After the capture of the Khadzhibey Fortress the square was free of buildings. The building construction started from the part close to Hretska Street, later from Deribasivska Street. The buildings were built mainly by Greeks in Ukraine of the families Ioannopulos, Serafinos, Papakhadzhis, Rallis, and Maraslis. The Greek secret society Filiki Eteria (Greek: Φιλική Εταιρεία is the Society of Friends) (whose aim was the struggle for independence of Greece) was in one of the buildings on the square since 1814. The main market of the city was in the square for a long time. The garden square was in the centre of the square until the Greek Orthodox church was built. But the church building was not finished, and its foundations were re-used for building Mayurov House, also known as the Roundhouse. The last construction was a mall. In the Soviet period the square was an important transport centre. Here was the tram station (later the trolleybus station), also the bus terminal. The semi-round house which separated the square from the Bunina Street, was demolished during World War II. The place was used as a garden in the 1950s and 1960s, but later the modern restaurant building was constructed. Mayurov House was demolished in 1996 and then rebuilt with significant changes.

The Brodsky Synagogue in Odesa was built by the Jews from Brody in 1863 in Odesa, Ukraine. It was the largest synagogue in the south of the then Russian Empire. People came from all over the world to hear cantors sing there.

Museum of the Holocaust – victims of fascism, Odesa (Ukrainian: Музей "Голокосту – жертв фашизму", Одеса) – the first Museum in Ukraine, which is based on the events of the genocide of the Jewish population in Transnistria Governorate (the territories which were from 1941 to 1943 under jurisdiction of Romania and occupied Odesa, Mykolaiv and part of Vinnytsia Oblast).

The Odesa Oblast Academic Drama Theater (Ukrainian: Одеський обласний академічний драматичний театр) is the oldest theatre in southern Ukraine. The theatre was constructed in 1874 at the initiative of A. C. Velikanov, a local merchant. Velikanov also intended to hire for Nikolai Miloslavsky’s company as the main performer for the theatre. Initially the theatre was called ‘’Theatre Velikanova’’ after his owner. However, in 1875 Velikanov sold the theatre to F. Rafalovich who renamed it “Russian Theatre”, name which it kept up to present. In the years before the Russian Revolution the theatre hosted the main theatrical events of the city. Many Russian, Ukrainian, German, French, Italian, drama, opera and оperetta companies performed on its stage among which Sarah Bernhardt, Eleonora Duse, Benoît-Constant Coquelin, Jean Mounet-Sully, Maria Savina, Vladimir Davydov, Maria Zankovetskaya, Panas Saksagansky and Mark Kropivnitsky. After the Russian Civil War, the “State Odessa Russian Drama Theatre” was officially registered in 1926 and the building was allocated to this government owned entity. In 1927, the Executive Political Committee of the Odessa Governorate (Gubispolkom) appointed opera singer Andrei Alekseyevich Ivanov as director of the theatre. Today the theatre is also called the Ivanov Theatre. Important actors started their activity at the Odessa Russian Theatre, among which Mikhail Astangov, Darya Zerkalova and Vladimir Samoilov. Among the actors which spent most of their acting activity on the theatre’s stage are Nikolai Komissarov, Nikolai Volkov the elder, Liya Bugova, Pavel Mikhaylov, Boris Zaydenberg, Leonid Marennikova, Yevgeny Kotov, Lidiya Polyakova and Igor Shelyugin. Important Russian and Ukrainian directors mounted productions at the Odessa Russian Theatre, among which: Abram Rubin, Alexey Gripich, Аvraam Teplev, Aleksandr Solomarsky, Vladimir Bortko the elder, Viktor Terentyev, Konstantin Chernyadev, Viktor Strizhov, Eduard Mitnitsky, Aleksandr Dzekun and many other things After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the theatre maintained its status as Russian-language theatre. Being closed for renovation for about two years, the theatre opened in 2003 after extensive reconstruction and major overhaul. A team of young actors has been hired, which interact with well-known visiting actors. An art management of theatre is coordinated by a board consisting of three directors. At present, these positions are held by Alexey Girba, Sergey Golomazov and Alexey Litvin. In December 2009, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Ukraine awarded the Odessa regional Russian drama theatre the rank of academic theatre. In the Soviet Union and the new states created after the collapse of the Soviet Union, this title is awarded to the theatres considered to be most prestigious in the country. On March 2, 2022, in connection with the large-scale military 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the theater team decided to rename the theater. The word "Russian" was removed from its name.