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Central Union of Consumer Associations of Ukraine

Cooperative federationsCooperatives in UkraineInfoboxes without native name language parameterOrganizations based in KyivOrganizations established in 1920
Ukraine stubs
Ukoopspilka
Ukoopspilka

Central Union of Consumer Associations of Ukraine (Ukoopspilka) (Ukrainian: Центральна спілка споживчих товариств України (Укоопспілка)) is a non-profit organization of Ukraine that serves as a representative and protects interests of consumer associations, societies and their members in respective state and international organizations. The Union is responsible for activities of cooperation movement members and development as well as promotion of cooperation ideas. The organization was initially created on June 7, 1920. Eventually it was integrated into the Centrosoyuz of the USSR and on June 17, 1992 it was reestablished once again.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Central Union of Consumer Associations of Ukraine (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Central Union of Consumer Associations of Ukraine
Khreshchatyk Street, Kyiv Клов

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N 50.450673 ° E 30.525835 °
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Khreshchatyk Street 7/11
01028 Kyiv, Клов
Ukraine
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Ukoopspilka
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Siege of Kiev (968)
Siege of Kiev (968)

The siege of Kiev by the Pechenegs in 968 is documented in the Primary Chronicle, an account that freely mixes historical details with folklore. According to the chronicle, while Sviatoslav I was pursuing his campaign against the First Bulgarian Empire, the Pechenegs (in all probability, bribed by Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Phocas) invaded Rus and besieged his capital of Kiev (Kyiv). While the besieged suffered from hunger and thirst, Svyatoslav's general Pretich deployed his druzhina, his personal guard, on the opposite (left) bank of the Dnieper, not daring to cross the river against the larger Pecheneg force. Reduced to extremes, Svyatoslav's mother Olga of Kiev (who was in Kiev together with all of Svyatoslav's sons) contemplated surrender if Pretich did not relieve the siege within one day. She was anxious to send word about her plans to Pretich. At last a boy fluent in the Pecheneg language volunteered to venture from the city and urge Pretich to action. Pretending to be a Pecheneg, he went about their camp, as if searching for a lost horse. When he attempted to swim across the Dnieper, the Pechenegs discovered his subterfuge and started shooting at him, but to no avail. When the boy reached the opposite bank and informed Pretich about the desperate condition of the Kievans, the general decided to make a sally in order to evacuate Svyatoslav's family from the city, for fear of his sovereign's anger. Early in the morning Pretich and his troops embarked on boats across the Dnieper, making great noise with their trumpets. The besieged started cheering and Olga ventured out of the city towards the river. The Pechenegs, thinking that Svyatoslav was returning with his great army, lifted the siege. The Pecheneg leader then decided to confer with Pretich and asked him whether he was Svyatoslav. Pretich admitted that he was only a general but warned the Pecheneg ruler that his unit was a vanguard of Svyatoslav's approaching army. As a sign of his peaceful disposition, the Pecheneg ruler shook hands with Pretich and exchanged his own horse, sword and arrows for Pretich's armor. As soon as the Pechenegs retreated, Olga sent a letter to Svyatoslav reproaching him for his neglect of his family and people. Upon receiving the message, Svyatoslav speedily returned to Kiev and thoroughly defeated the Pechenegs, who were still threatening the city from the south. The following year Olga died and Svyatoslav moved his capital from distant Kiev to Pereyaslavets in present-day Romania.