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Berghof (residence)

1916 establishments in Germany1952 disestablishments in West GermanyBuildings and structures demolished in 1952Buildings and structures in Berchtesgadener LandDemolished buildings and structures in Germany
Führer HeadquartersHouses completed in 1916World War II sites in Germany
Bundesarchiv Bild 183 1999 0412 502, Obersalzberg, Berghof von Adolf Hitler
Bundesarchiv Bild 183 1999 0412 502, Obersalzberg, Berghof von Adolf Hitler

The Berghof was Adolf Hitler's holiday home in the Obersalzberg of the Bavarian Alps near Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Germany. Other than the Wolfsschanze ("Wolf's Lair"), his headquarters in East Prussia for the invasion of the Soviet Union, he spent more time here than anywhere else during his time as the Führer of Nazi Germany. It was also one of the most widely known of his headquarters, which were located throughout Europe. The Berghof was rebuilt and renamed in 1935 and was Hitler's holiday residence for ten years. It was damaged by British bombs in late April 1945, and again in early May by retreating SS troops, and it was looted after Allied troops reached the area. The Bavarian government demolished the burned shell in 1952.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Berghof (residence) (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Berghof (residence)
Lindeweg,

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude Longitude
N 47.633611111111 ° E 13.041944444444 °
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Address

Lindeweg

Lindeweg
83471
Bavaria, Germany
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Bundesarchiv Bild 183 1999 0412 502, Obersalzberg, Berghof von Adolf Hitler
Bundesarchiv Bild 183 1999 0412 502, Obersalzberg, Berghof von Adolf Hitler
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Bombing of Obersalzberg
Bombing of Obersalzberg

The bombing of Obersalzberg was an air raid carried out by the Royal Air Force's Bomber Command on 25 April 1945 during the last days of World War II in Europe. The operation targeted Obersalzberg, a complex of residences and bunkers in Bavaria which had been built for Adolf Hitler and other key members of Germany's leadership. Many buildings in the complex were destroyed, though Hitler's residence and the bunker network were only slightly damaged. Two Allied bombers were shot down with the loss of four airmen, and 31 Germans were killed. Historians have identified several motives for the attack on Obersalzberg. These include supporting Allied ground forces, demonstrating the effectiveness of the British heavy bomber force, convincing die-hard Germans that the war was lost and obscuring the memory of pre-war appeasement policies. The attack was conducted by a large force of 359 heavy bombers in an attempt to destroy the bunkers located below Obersalzberg, from which the Allies feared that senior members of the German Government would command an Alpine Fortress. After difficulties locating and marking the targets were overcome, the bombers attacked in two waves. The approximately 3,000 people at Obersalzberg sheltered in bunkers, and the nearby town of Berchtesgaden was undamaged. Hitler was in Berlin at the time of the attack and Hermann Göring, the only senior Nazi at Obersalzberg, survived. While the raid on Obersalzberg was celebrated at the time, it is little remembered today. Most of the Allied personnel involved in the operation took satisfaction from attacking Hitler's residence, and it received extensive media coverage. As the Alpine Fortress proved to be a myth, most post-war histories made little mention of the operation.

Kehlstein
Kehlstein

The Kehlstein [ˈkeːl.ʃtaɪn] is a 1,881 m (6,171 ft) subpeak of the Göll massif, a 2,522-metre-high (8,274 ft) mountain in the Berchtesgaden Alps. The rocky promontory is located west of the Hoher Göll main summit, high above the Obersalzberg mountain retreat near Berchtesgaden. It is chiefly known for the Kehlsteinhaus (Eagle's Nest) mountain inn built in 1937–1938, which is a major tourist destination. While other parts of the restricted Obersalzberg area around the former Berghof headquarters were turned into a US Armed Forces Recreation Center, the Kehlstein peak was made accessible to the public already in 1952. The motor road up to the Kehlsteinhaus, running 6.5 km (4.0 mi) uphill through several tunnels, was closed for traffic; nevertheless, DB Regio bus service is provided in summer. From the upper turning place, a steep footpath leads to the restaurant. Guests may also use the 124-metre-high (407 ft) Kehlsteinlift elevator running through the rocks directly to the reception area. The Kehlstein spur offers a panoramic view over the Berchtesgaden Alps, including the Hoher Göll, Watzmann, Hochkalter and Untersberg peaks, as well as to the Königssee lake and to the city of Salzburg. From here a mountaineering trail leads up to the Mannlgrat, an east-facing ridge of the Hoher Göll. Served by a grade B Klettersteig, this route is regarded as the easiest to the main peak's summit. Near the Kehlsteinhaus is a small botanical garden containing a variety of Alpine flora.