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Guilford Court House, North Carolina

Geography of Guilford County, North CarolinaGuilford County, North Carolina geography stubsLandmarks in North CarolinaUnited States history stubs

Guilford Court House, North Carolina, was the county seat of Guilford County before being replaced by Greensboro in 1808. It no longer exists as an identifiable community, having been absorbed by Greensboro. In 1781, it was the site of the Battle of Guilford Court House, which is now commemorated at Guilford Courthouse National Military Park. The Battle was between the Continental Army under general Nathanael Greene and the British Army under general Charles Cornwallis. The battle resulted in a British victory, but Greene's forces inflicted heavy casualties on Cornwallis' forces.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Guilford Court House, North Carolina (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors).

Guilford Court House, North Carolina
New Garden Road (historical), Greensboro

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N 36.1327425 ° E -79.8422792 °
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New Garden Road (historical)

New Garden Road (historical)
27455 Greensboro
North Carolina, United States
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Jethro Sumner
Jethro Sumner

Jethro Exum Sumner (c. 1733 – c. March 18, 1785) was a senior officer of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Born in Virginia, Sumner's military service began in the French and Indian War as a member of the state's Provincial forces. After the conclusion of that conflict, he moved to Bute County, North Carolina, where he acquired a substantial area of land and operated a tavern. He served as Sheriff of Bute County, but with the coming of the American Revolution, he became a strident patriot, and was elected to North Carolina's Provincial Congress. Sumner was named the commanding officer of the 3rd North Carolina Regiment of the North Carolina Line, a formation of the Continental Army, in 1776, and served in both the Southern theater and Philadelphia campaign. He was one of five brigadier generals from North Carolina in the Continental Army, in which capacity he served between 1779 and 1783. He served with distinction in the battles of Stono Ferry and Eutaw Springs, but recurring bouts of poor health often forced him to play an administrative role, or to convalesce in North Carolina. Following a drastic reduction in the number of North Carolinians serving with the Continental Army, Sumner became a general in the state's militia but resigned in protest after the North Carolina Board of War awarded overall command of the militia to William Smallwood, a Continental Army general from Maryland. At the end of the war in 1783, Sumner helped to establish the North Carolina Chapter of the Society of the Cincinnati, and became its first president. He died in 1785 with extensive landholdings and 35 slaves.

Battle of Guilford Court House
Battle of Guilford Court House

The Battle of Guilford Court House was on March 15, 1781, during the American Revolutionary War, at a site that is now in Greensboro, the seat of Guilford County, North Carolina. A 2,100-man British force under the command of Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis defeated Major General Nathanael Greene's 4,500 Americans. The British Army, however, suffered considerable casualties (with estimates as high as 27% of their total force).The battle was "the largest and most hotly contested action" in the American Revolution's southern theater. Before the battle, the British had great success in conquering much of Georgia and South Carolina with the aid of strong Loyalist factions and thought that North Carolina might be within their grasp. In fact, the British were in the process of heavy recruitment in North Carolina when this battle put an end to their recruiting drive. In the wake of the battle, Greene moved into South Carolina, while Cornwallis chose to march into Virginia and attempt to link with roughly 3,500 men under British Major General Phillips and American turncoat Benedict Arnold. These decisions allowed Greene to unravel British control of the South, while leading Cornwallis to Yorktown, where he eventually surrendered to General George Washington and French Lieutenant General Comte de Rochambeau. The battle is commemorated at Guilford Courthouse National Military Park and associated Hoskins House Historic District.

Greensboro, North Carolina
Greensboro, North Carolina

Greensboro ( ; local pronunciation ) is a city in and the county seat of Guilford County, North Carolina, United States. It is the 3rd most populous city in North Carolina after Charlotte and Raleigh, the 69th-most populous city in the United States, and the most populous city in the Piedmont Triad metropolitan region. At the 2020 census, its population was 299,035; at the 2022 census estimate, its population was 301,115. Three major interstate highways (Interstate 40, Interstate 85, and Interstate 73) in the Piedmont region of central North Carolina were built to intersect at this city. In 1808, Greensborough (the spelling before 1895) was planned around a central courthouse square to succeed Guilford Court House as the county seat. The county courts were thus placed closer to the county's geographical center, a location more easily reached at the time by the majority of the county's citizens, who traveled by horse or on foot.In 2003, the previous Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point Metropolitan Statistical Area was redefined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. The region was separated into the Greensboro-High Point Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Winston-Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the Greensboro-High Point Metropolitan Statistical Area was 776,566 in 2020. The Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point Combined Statistical Area, commonly called the Piedmont Triad, had a population of 1,695,306 in 2020.Among Greensboro's many notable attractions, some of the most popular are the Greensboro Science Center, the International Civil Rights Museum, The Steven Tanger Center for the Performing Arts, the Weatherspoon Art Museum, the Greensboro Symphony, and the Greensboro Ballet. Annual events in the city include the North Carolina Folk Festival, First Fridays in Downtown Greensboro, Fun Fourth of July Festival, North Carolina Comedy Festival, and Winter Wonderlights. From 2015 to 2017, Greensboro hosted the National Folk Festival.The Greensboro Coliseum Complex hosts a variety of major sporting events, concerts, and other events. The main coliseum has been the site of the ACC men's basketball tournament 28 times (including the most recent tournament in 2023), more than twice the number hosted by any other site; it has hosted the ACC women's basketball tournament every year since 2000 (except for 2017). Since 2009, it has served as the home court for the UNCG Spartans NCAA Division I basketball team. The Novant Health Fieldhouse is home to the Greensboro Swarm of the NBA G League. In 2011, a major expansion of the complex added several new facilities, including the White Oak Amphitheatre, the Greensboro Aquatic Center, and the ACC Hall of Champions. Local professional teams include the Greensboro Grasshoppers of the South Atlantic Baseball League, and the semi-professional Carolina Dynamo soccer club of USL League Two. Amateur teams include Greensboro Roller Derby and college teams in four NCAA programs. The Sedgefield Country Club features a Donald Ross course and is currently host to the annual PGA Tour event Wyndham Golf Championship. In 1953, representatives from seven member institutions of the Southern Conference met at the club and decided to withdraw from the Southern Conference to form a new league, the Atlantic Coast Conference. Greensboro would serve as Atlantic Coast Conference headquarters for 70 years, until the league relocated to Charlotte, North Carolina.