Tenerife

Tenerife is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects three senators. Its boundaries correspond to those of the island of Tenerife. The electoral system uses an open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to two candidates.

Tenerife is one of the seven constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Parliament of the Canary Islands, the regional legislature of the Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands. The constituency currently elects 15 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the island of Tenerife. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of fifteen percent in the constituency or four percent regionally.

Montaña Blanca is a mountain on the Canary Island of Tenerife. Its flat summit on the eastern flank of the Pico del Teide above the edge mountains of the Las Cañadas basin at a height of 2,748 m (9,016 ft). This makes the Montaña Blanca the third highest peak in Tenerife after the Pico del Teide (3,718 m (12,198 ft)) and the Pico Viejo (3,135 m (10,285 ft)).

Teide National Park (Spanish: Parque nacional del Teide, pronounced [ˈpaɾke naθjoˈnal de ˈtejðe]) is a national park located in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. The national park is centered on Mount Teide, the highest mountain of Spain (3,718 meters high) in addition, the highest volcano in the Atlantic Ocean islands and the third highest volcano in the world from its base in the ocean floor (7.500 meters high). Pico Viejo, also included within the national park limits, is the second highest volcano in the Canary Islands with its 3,135 m peak. Mount Teide and Pico Viejo are the only two peaks in the Canary islands rising above the 3,000 m level.The park has an area of 18,990 hectares located in the municipality of La Orotava. It was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO on June 28, 2007. Since the end of 2007, it has also been one of the 12 Treasures of Spain. On a ridge, to the east of Teide, are the telescopes of the Observatorio del Teide. Teide is the most visited national park in Spain and −by 2015− the eighth most visited in the world, with some 3 million visitors yearly. In 2016, it was visited by 4,079,823 visitors and tourists reaching a historical record.There are morning and afternoon coach trips through the park, departing from selected areas in the south of Tenerife's tourist towns. Access to the peak requires a free permit that needs to be booked in advance.

Teide Cableway (Spanish: Teleférico del Teide) is an aerial tramway that goes up Mount Teide, the highest peak in Spain, located in Teide National Park in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Starting at the base station at 2,356 metres (7,730 ft) above sea level, it ascends to the top station at 3,555 m (11,663 ft) in eight minutes, at a maximum speed of 8 m/s (26 ft/s) and carrying 44 people per cabin. Conceived in 1929, construction of the cableway started on 5 September 1963 and was completed on 27 July 1971, starting operations on 2 August 1971. It was renovated between 1999 and 2007.

Teide, or Mount Teide, (Spanish: El Teide, Pico del Teide, pronounced [ˈpiko ðel ˈtejðe], "Peak of Teide") is a volcano on Tenerife in the Canary Islands, Spain. Its summit (at 3,715 m (12,188 ft)) is the highest point in Spain and the highest point above sea level in the islands of the Atlantic. If measured from the ocean floor, its height of 7,500 m (24,600 ft) makes Teide the third-highest volcano in the world, and is described by UNESCO and NASA as Earth's third-tallest volcanic structure. Teide's elevation above sea level makes Tenerife the tenth highest island in the world. Teide started forming 170,000 years ago due to volcanic activity following a catastrophic landslide. Teide's base is situated in Las Cañadas crater (the remains of an older, eroded, extinct volcano) at a height of around 2,190 m (7,190 ft) above sea level. Teide is an active volcano: its most recent eruption occurred in late 1909 from the El Chinyero vent on the northwestern Santiago rift. The United Nations Committee for Disaster Mitigation designated Teide a Decade Volcano because of its history of destructive eruptions and its proximity to several large towns, of which the closest are Garachico, Icod de los Vinos and Puerto de la Cruz. Teide, Pico Viejo and Montaña Blanca form the Central Volcanic Complex of Tenerife. The volcano and its surroundings make up Teide National Park, which has an area of 18,900 hectares (47,000 acres) and was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007. Teide is the most visited natural wonder of Spain, the most visited national park in Spain and Europe and – by 2015 – the eighth most visited in the world, with some 3 million visitors yearly. In 2016, it was visited by 4,079,823 visitors and tourists, reaching a historical record. Teide Observatory, a major international astronomical observatory, is located on the slopes of the mountain.

Roque Cinchado is a volcanic rock formation regarded as emblematic of the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). It lies within the Teide National Park (a World Heritage Site) in the municipality of La Orotava, near the volcano of the same name, in the heart of the island. Roque Cinchado is located about 1700 meters below the summit of Teide volcano. It belongs to a group of rock formations, remnants of the former summit of the island, known as "Roques García." Roque Cinchado is a 27-metre high rock pillar, composed mostly of volcaniclastic sedimentary rock layers Its upper sedimentary layers have been intruded by two sills of lava, which have made the upper part of the pillar more resistant to erosion.The rock appeared on one thousand peseta bank notes, with Teide in the background.

Mount Guajara is a 2,718 m (8,917 ft) high mountain on Tenerife, in the Canary Islands. Mount Guajara along with the entire Island of Tenerife is dormant volcano which has a large crater close to its summit which is accessible by road, the last leg to the summit at the northern end which is its highest point can be reached from a trail head within the crater. There is also an astronomical observatory located along a ridge at the eastern end of the crater.

Pico Viejo is a volcano located on the island of Tenerife in Canary Islands, Spain. It is the second highest peak of Tenerife and the Canary Islands (after the Teide), with a height of 3,135 m above sea level, and a huge crater approximately 720 metres in diameter.The volcano is part of the Teide volcanic complex, which began forming about 200,000 years ago in the center of Tenerife. Its crater is one of the satellite craters around El Teide. It last erupted in 1798, and it is estimated that it ejected around 12 million m³ of lava over three months forming a black colored surface, which is different from the rest of the volcano area, which are known as the Teide noses.

The ESA Optical Ground Station (OGS Telescope or ESA Space Debris Telescope) is the European Space Agency's ground based observatory at the Teide Observatory on Tenerife, Spain, built for the observation of space debris. OGS is part of the Artemis experiment and is operated by the IAC (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias) and Ataman Science S.L.U. The observatory is a 1-meter Coudé telescope with a field of view of 0.7 degrees, supported by an English cross-axial mount inside a dome 12.5-meters in diameter. Its main purposes are: to be the optical ground station of the Artemis telecommunications satellite (the project from which the telescope takes its name) to survey space debris in different orbits around the Earth, to conduct surveys and follow-up observations of near-Earth objects as part of ESA's Space Situational Awareness programme, and to make scientific astronomical night observations.It is equipped with a cryogenically cooled mosaic CCD-Camera of 4k×4k pixels. The detection threshold is between 19th and 21st magnitude, which corresponds to a capability to detect space debris objects as small as 10 cm in the geostationary ring. As a large part of the observation time is dedicated to space debris surveys, in particular the observation of space debris in the geostationary ring and in geostationary transfer orbits, the term ESA Space Debris Telescope became used very frequently. Space debris surveys are carried out every month, centered on New Moon.Since 2006, the telescope has also been used as a receiver station for quantum communication experiments (such as testing Bell's inequality, quantum cryptography, and quantum teleportation), with the sender station being 143 km away in the observatory on La Palma. This is possible because this telescope can be tilted to a near-horizontal position to point it at La Palma, which many large astronomical telescopes are unable to do.

The Telescopio Carlos Sánchez is a 1.52 m Dall-Kirkham type infrared telescope with an equatorial mount and an f/13.8 Cassegrain focus. It is located at Observatorio del Teide on Tenerife, and is operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. It was built in 1971 by the United Kingdom and has been used for a wide range of infrared observational programmes, from large-scale Galactic Centre mapping to stellar oscillations. The telescope was built by the United Kingdom but was transferred to the Spanish in 1983.The name of the telescope was adopted in honour of Prof. Carlos Sánchez Magro, Astrophysics Professor at the University of La Laguna. Since 2018 this telescope has operated the MuSCAT2 instrument, a four color camera. The first light MuSCAT2 was in August 2017, and science operations started in January 2019.The camera is specially designed to engage in simultaneous capture of an image in four colour bands, " g (400 to 550 nm), r (550 to 700 nm), i (700 to 820 nm), and zs (820 to 920 nm)."This telescope was originally called the Infrared Flux Collector (IRFC) when it was completed in 1972.

The Tenerife Experiment was a Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiment built by Jodrell Bank (then known as the Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories) of the University of Manchester in collaboration with the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC). It was the first CMB experiment to be installed and run at the Observatorio del Teide in Tenerife, starting operations in October 1984, and running with various upgrades and additional experiments until 2000.It measured anisotropy of the CMB on angular sizes of 5 degrees, about the size of the upper half of the constellation of Orion (from the "belt" to the "shoulders"). To reduce receiver instability, it performed fast Dicke Switching between two horns separated by 8 degrees. To remove long term drifts and atmospheric variations, it used a further switch of 8 degrees using a flat mirror in front of the horns.