Siege of Bangalore

Bangalore (), officially known as Bengaluru (Kannada pronunciation: [ˈbeŋgɐɭuːɾu] (listen)), is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It has a population of more than 8 million and a metropolitan population of around 11 million, making it the third most populous city and fifth most populous urban agglomeration in India. Located in southern India on the Deccan Plateau, at a height of over 900 m (3,000 ft) above sea level, Bangalore is known for its pleasant climate throughout the year. Its elevation is the highest among the major cities of India.The city's history dates back to around 890 CE, as found in a stone inscription found at the Nageshwara Temple in Begur, Bangalore. The Begur inscription is written in Halegannada (ancient Kannada), and mentions 'Bengaluru Kalaga' (battle of Bengaluru). It was a significant turning point in the history of Bangalore as it bears the earliest reference to the name 'Bengaluru'. In 1537 CE, Kempé Gowdā – a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire – established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore and its oldest areas, or petes, which exist to the present day. After the fall of the Vijayanagar empire, Kempe Gowda declared independence, then in 1638, and a large Adil Shahi Bijapur army led by Ranadulla Khan and accompanied by his second in command Shāhji Bhōnslé defeated Kempe Gowda III and Bangalore was given to Shāhji as a jagir (feudal estate) and the Mughals captured Bangalore from his son, Ekoji I and sold it to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704), the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees. When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore, the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands. The city was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799), who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore. The old city developed under the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made the capital of the Princely State of Mysore, which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj. In 1809, the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore, outside the old city, and a town grew up around it, which was governed as part of British India. Following India's independence in 1947, Bangalore became the capital of Mysore State, and remained the capital when the new Indian state of Karnataka was formed in 1956. The two urban settlements of Bangalore – city and cantonment – which had developed as independent entities merged into a single urban centre in 1949. The existing Kannada name, Bengalūru, was declared the official name of the city in 2006. Bangalore is widely regarded as the "Silicon Valley of India" (or "IT capital of India") because of its role as the nation's leading information technology (IT) exporter. Indian technological organisations are headquartered in the city. A demographically diverse city, Bangalore is the second fastest-growing major metropolis in India. Recent estimates of the metro economy of its urban area have ranked Bangalore either the fourth- or fifth-most productive metro area of India. It is home to many educational and research institutions. Numerous state-owned aerospace and defence organisations are located in the city. The city also houses the Kannada film industry and is a hub of sporting events. It was ranked the most liveable Indian city with a population of over a million under the Ease of Living Index 2020.

Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE) is a laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Located in Bengaluru, its primary function is research and development of aero gas-turbines for military aircraft. As a spin-off effect, GTRE has been developing marine gas-turbines also. It was initially known as GTRC (Gas Turbine Research Centre), created in 1959 in No.4 BRD Air Force Station, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. In November 1961 it was brought under DRDO, renamed to GTRE and moved to Bengaluru, Karnataka. GTRE has consistently faced criticism for failing to develop an indigenous jet engine for fighter aircraft.

Vidhana Soudha (lit. 'Legislative House') in Bangalore, India, is the seat of the state legislature of Karnataka. It is constructed in a style described as Neo-Dravidian, and incorporates elements of various Dravidian styles. Construction was started in 1952 and completed in 1956.

The High Court of Karnataka (IAST: Karnātaka Uchha Nyāyālaya, commonly called the Karnataka High Court) is the High Court of the Indian state of Karnataka and thus its highest judicial authority. The court's principal bench is located in Bangalore, the capital city of Karnataka, with additional benches in Hubli-Dharwad and Gulbarga. It was previously called the High Court of Mysore. In Bangalore, the High Court functions out of a red-painted brick building known as the Attara Kacheri, located opposite the Vidhana Soudha, the seat of the legislature of Karnataka.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Stn., Vidhana Soudha is a station on the Purple Line of the Namma Metro in Bangalore, India. It was opened to the public on 30 April 2016.

Karnataka Public Works Department (also known as Karnataka Public Works, Ports and Inland Water Transport Department or KPWD) is an government ministry Government of Karnataka agency in charge of the public works in the state of Karnataka, India. It is entrusted with the responsibility of construction and maintenance of buildings for most of the Karnataka government departments and Public undertakings and maintenance of road works including the National Highways, State Highways and Major District roads.

The Vikasa Soudha is the seat of various government and legislative offices of the Government of Karnataka. It is situated on the Dr. Ambedkar Road of Seshadripuram, on the north western end of Cubbon Park and South of the Vidhana Soudha. It is constructed in Neo-Dravidian Architecture, it is popularly known as the ‘Sister of Vidhana Soudha’ due to its strong resemblance to the Vidhana Soudha. The construction of the building was initiated by the then chief minister S. M. Krishna and inaugurated in February 2005, it was intended to be an annexe building, housing some of the ministries and legislative offices. The building comprises 8 floors, housing 15 conference halls and 360 rooms. The main hall of the Vikasa Soudha has a colourful map of the State of Karnataka.

Raj Bhavan, Karnataka is the official residence of the governor of Karnataka located in Bengaluru city, in the State of Karnataka, India. Constructed in the late 18th century. It formerly served as the official residence of the governor of Madras State.

The statue of Edward VII in Bangalore is located at Queen's Park, next to Cubbon Park, Bangalore Cantonment, at the junction of Queen's Road and Cubbon Road. The statue was unveiled on November 1919 by the then Viceroy and Governor-General of India, Frederic John Napier, Baron Chelmsford. The statue was raised out of funds raised by the residents of the Bangalore Civil and Military Station. The Statue of King Edward VII is one of the few of the original statues which were installed in British India, to still stand at its original location. The statue rises above a flowering frangipani tree. On the other end of Queen's Park is the Statue of Queen Victoria, Bangalore. The statue was designed and sculpted by Leonard Jennings of Chelsea, London.

Cubbon Park, officially known as Sri Chamarajendra Park, is a landmark 'lung' area of Bengaluru city, located (12.97°N 77.6°E / 12.97; 77.6) within the heart of the city in the Central Administrative Area. Originally created in 1870, when Major General Richard Sankey was the then British Chief Engineer of Mysore state, it covered an area of 100 acres (0.40 km2) and subsequent expansion has taken place and the area reported now is about 300 acres (1.2 km2). It has a rich recorded history of abundant flora and fauna plantations coupled with numerous impressive and aesthetically located buildings and statues of famous personages, in its precincts.This public park was first named as Meade’s Park after Sir John Meade, the acting Commissioner of Mysuru in 1870 and subsequently renamed as Cubbon Park after the longest-serving commissioner of the time, Sir Mark Cubbon. To commemorate the Silver Jubilee of Sri Krishnaraja Wodeyar’s rule in Mysore State, in 1927, the park was again renamed as Sri. Chamarajendra Park, in memory of the 19th-century ruler of the state Sri Chamarajendra Wodeyar (1868–94), during whose rule the park came into existence.The landscaping in the park creatively integrates natural rock outcrops with thickets of trees, massive bamboos, with grassy expanse and flowerbeds and the monuments within its limits, regulated by the Horticulture Department of the Government of Karnataka. The predominantly green area of the park has many motorable roads, and the well-laid-out walking paths running through the park are frequented by early morning walkers and the naturalists who study plants in the tranquil natural environment. Tourists visiting this park in the city of Bengaluru have nicknamed the city itself as 'Garden City'.The importance of the park to the city's environment is best stated by two urban architects who have won the national competition to design 'Freedom Park'.

The Visvesvaraya Centre (better known as Visvesvaraya Towers) is a government office complex in Bangalore. The complex was built on the site of the former house of Sir M. Visvesvaraya, after his death, and gets its name from him. Initially constructed for the Life Insurance Corporation, it was later bought by the state government to house government offices.

Kattigehalli is a locality in northern Bengaluru, near Yelahanka (India), The name "Kattigenahalli" is first documented in a 14th-century CE Kannada donation inscription discovered in Katigenahalli but presently housed in the Government Museum, Bengaluru. It records the donation of the village of Kattigenahalli to Kacheyanayka, son of Bairisetti by Mahasavatadhipati Maileyanayka and Yelakka's (Yelahanka) Naadaprabhus namely Bairideva, Macideva, Maragonda, Tamiyappa, Kanagonda, Devanna, Allalajiya and other Gavundas. This donation happened during the reign of kings Harihara and Bukka of the Karnataka Empire (Vijayanagara Empire). Savantadhipati as mentioned in the inscription is same as Samantadhipati, a feudatory chief. The kingdom was divided into many Naadus (administrative units) presided by a Naadaprabhu, chief of a Naadu. The names of most of the persons mentioned in this inscription also occurs in the Ganigarahalli inscription (Epigraphia Carnatica Vol 09, BN 24). The inscription mentions that the donations are Sarbamaanya (Sarvamaanya), Sarvamaanya can be broken down into "sarva" (all) and "maanya" (exempt), meaning that all revenues were exempt from taxation.