National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute

The Second Battle of Kharkov or Operation Fredericus was an Axis counter-offensive in the region around Kharkov against the Red Army Izium bridgehead offensive conducted 12–28 May 1942, on the Eastern Front during World War II. Its objective was to eliminate the Izium bridgehead over Seversky Donets or the "Barvenkovo bulge" (Russian: Барвенковский выступ) which was one of the Soviet offensive's staging areas. After a winter counter-offensive that drove German troops away from Moscow but depleted the Red Army's reserves, the Kharkov offensive was a new Soviet attempt to expand upon their strategic initiative, although it failed to secure a significant element of surprise. On 12 May 1942, Soviet forces under the command of Marshal Semyon Timoshenko launched an offensive against the German 6th Army from a salient established during the winter counter-offensive. After a promising start, the offensive was stopped on 15 May by massive airstrikes. Critical Soviet errors by several staff officers and by Joseph Stalin, who failed to accurately estimate the 6th Army's potential and overestimated their own newly raised forces, facilitated a German pincer attack on 17 May which cut off three Soviet field armies from the rest of the front by 22 May. Hemmed into a narrow area, the 250,000-strong Soviet force inside the pocket was exterminated from all sides by German armored, artillery and machine gun firepower as well as 7,700 tonnes of air-dropped bombs. After six days of encirclement, Soviet resistance ended, with the remaining troops being killed or surrendering. The battle was an overwhelming German victory, with 280,000 Soviet casualties compared to just 20,000 for the Germans and their allies. The German Army Group South pressed its advantage, encircling the Soviet 28th Army on 13 June in Operation Wilhelm and pushing back the 38th and 9th Armies on 22 June in Operation Fridericus II as preliminary operations to Case Blue, which was launched on 28 June as the main German offensive on the Eastern Front in 1942.

The Kharkiv operation (24 November – 12 December 1919) was an offensive during the Russian Civil War by the Southern Front of the Red Army under the command of Alexander Yegorov against the White Guard troops of Anton Denikin.

Kharkiv (Ukrainian: Ха́рків, IPA: [ˈxɑrkiu̯] (listen)), also known as Kharkov (Russian: Харькoв, IPA: [ˈxarʲkəf]), is the second-largest city and municipality in Ukraine. Located in the northeast of the country, it is the largest city of the historic Slobozhanshchyna region. Kharkiv is the administrative centre of Kharkiv Oblast and of the surrounding Kharkiv Raion. The latest population is 1,433,886 (2021 est.).Kharkiv was founded in 1654 as Kharkiv fortress, and after these humble beginnings, it grew to be a major centre of industry, trade and Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city was predominantly Russian in population, but after the Soviet government's policy of Ukrainization the city became populated mainly by Ukrainians with a significant number of Russians. Kharkiv was the first capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, from December 1919 to January 1934, after which the capital relocated to Kyiv.Kharkiv is a major cultural, scientific, educational, transport and industrial centre of Ukraine, with numerous museums, theatres and libraries, including the Annunciation and Dormition Cathedrals, the Derzhprom building in Freedom Square, and the National University of Kharkiv. Kharkiv was a host city for UEFA Euro 2012. Industry plays a significant role in Kharkiv's economy, specialized primarily in machinery and electronics. There are hundreds of industrial facilities throughout the city, including the Morozov Design Bureau and the Malyshev Tank Factory (leaders in world tank production from the 1930s to the 1980s); Khartron (aerospace, nuclear power plants and automation electronics); Turboatom (turbines for hydro-, thermal- and nuclear-power plants); and Antonov (the multipurpose aircraft manufacturing plant). Kharkiv was a major target of the Northeastern Ukraine offensive in Russia's invasion of Ukraine that began in February 2022. During the Battle of Kharkiv, the city was designated as a Hero City of Ukraine.

The Istorychnyi Myzei (Ukrainian: Історичний музей, (listen); literally "Historic Museum") is a station on Kharkiv Metro's Saltivska Line. The station was opened on 10 August 1984 and is currently the southwesternmost terminus of the Saltivska Line. It is located beneath the Maidan Konstytutsii, literally Constitution square in the historical part of Kharkiv, and is named for the historical museum which is located on the square. The station, inspired by the history of Kharkiv, has shaped columns and a relief-type ceiling in the station vestibule which give the feeling of the protected fort, which stood at this location during the 17th and 18th centuries. Also, the arrow-shaped arcs between the columns are reminiscent of fort gates. The columns are finished in a light colored marble Koelga and the tunnel walls are finished with brown marble and heraldic items made from bronze, which provide contrast. The Istorychniy Muzei station is located deep underground and is a pylon trivault and was designed by V.A. Spivachuk, P.G. Chechalnitskiy, and I.T. Karpenko; engineered by P.D. Pashkov, V.D. Shtuchkin, and L.P. Hryshyna; and was decorated by P.D. Chernova, V.E. Hutnik; I.I. Morgunov, O.Y. Erofeeva, V.V. Chursin, and V.D.Semenyuk. Istorychniy Muzei forms a complex with the adjacent Maidan Konstytutsii station on the Kholodnohirsko-Zavodska Line. Transfer tunnels from one station to another are located in the centre of the station. Also, four escalators lead into a spacious underground vestibule which is located under the Constitution Square. The vestibule is connected with the underground passenger tunnel which leads onto the square, to the Sums`ka Street, the largest street in Kharkiv, to the Universytets`ka Street, and to the Bursatskyi Descent. In 1985, during the finishing of the transfer tunnel from the Istorychniy Muzei to the Ploshcha Konstytutsii station, a closed-circuit television (CCTV) system was installed, the first in the Kharkiv Metro. Currently, all stations on the system have CCTV. The installation of this system allowed the workers of the metro to keep passengers in order and maintain more effective control over the escalators.

The Building of the Kharkiv Land Bank is a two-story historical building, built in the 19th century, located on Constitution Square in the center of Kharkiv. The building is a monument of architecture and urban planning of local significance of Ukraine (No. 7126-Ха).

Kharkiv National University of Arts named after I. P. Kotlyarevsky (or Kharkiv Conservatory or Kharkiv National I. P. Kotlyarevsky University of Arts) is the leading music and drama institution of higher education in Ukraine. The university trains about 900 undergraduates, graduates and postgraduates in music and theatre art. It enjoys Level IV accreditation, which is the highest under Ukraine's national standards, and is licensed to train foreign students.

The Maidan Konstytutsii (Ukrainian: Майдан Конституції, (listen) - Constitution Square) is a station on Kharkiv Metro's Kholodnohirsko–Zavodska Line. The station was opened on 23 August 1975. It is located in the historical part of Kharkiv, beneath the Maidan Konstytutsii (Constitution square), previously known as Soviet Square. The Maidan Konstytutsii station forms a complex with the adjacent station, Istorychnyi Muzei, on the Saltivska Line. Before the Istorychniy Muzei station's completion in 1984, a relief marble architectural item adorned with the hammer and sickle was located on the station. Inside the passenger transfer tunnel is the Kharkiv Metro's only public restroom, which is unlike the western European metro systems. Early during the planning stage, the station was to be called Tsentr, literally Centre, and to be built in the vicinity of the Tsentralny Restaurant. But because of the hydro-geological circumstances in the area, also affecting the construction of neighbouring stations, the station was moved to the northern end of the Constitution Square. Inside the cashier hall columns hold up the ceiling. They are made of marble blocks, the lower half being made of dark tones, gradually moving on into whiter tones. The station vestibule is lightened with luminescent lamps, put inside niches within the ceiling. The vestibule's area is 500 square meters, which due to the high passenger traffic, caused by the station being a transfer to another station. The Maidan Konstytutsii station is deep underground and is a pylon three-vaulted structure which is separated by arcades of the tracks. It was designed by V.A. Krasnolobov, N.P. Nikulin, and P.G. Chechelnitskiy; engineered by P.A. Bochikashvili, Y.E. Kryk and V.A. Tovalyuk; and decorated by D.G. Sova. The partitions the tracks have been held with are made of rose marble from Uzbekistan, and the arcades themselves have been finished with blank marble. The marble harmonizes with the floor which has been paved with red and black blocks of polished granite. Until the end of 1985, the station hall was lighted with lights placed inside original geometrical forms. In the next year, the geometrical lamp forms were replaced by different metal forms. In connection with the 350th anniversary of Kharkiv in 2003, the stations, including Ploshcha Konstytutsii, were lightened with brighter lamps. Until 20 November 2015, the station was named Radianska (in Russian, 'Sovetskaya'). On that day the Kharkiv city council renamed the station to comply with decommunization laws.

The Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theatre also known as the Taras Shevchenko Kharkiv Academic Ukrainian Drama Theatre is a national theatre founded in 1935 out of remnants of the suppressed Berezil Theatre, which was founded by Les Kurbas in 1922. Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theatre has two stages: Main Stage (900 seats) and Small Stage "Berezil" (115 seats).The theater's repertoire was formed by directors trained in Konstantin Stanislavsky's school, and since 1990s by directors trained by Anatoly Vasiliev. Over the years the theater's ensemble included many renowned artists such as Vadym Meller (stage designer), Leonid Bykov (actor), Amvrosy Buchma (actor, star of the film Ivan the Terrible), Andriy Zholdak (theatre director), Andrzej Szczytko (theatre director).From 2002 to 2005, Andriy Zholdak was the artistic director of the theatre, where he produced five plays, which, apart from Ukraine, were also presented in many European countries including Germany, France, Finland, Netherlands, Poland, Austria, Romania and Russia, at well known festivals. In 2005, after Kharkiv authorities prohibited his staging of Romeo and Juliet. A Fragment Zholdak was forced to leave the theatre.In 2004, the theatre's ensemble was named by ITI - UNESCO critics as one of the best ensembles in Europe.

The Kharkiv Choral Synagogue (Ukrainian: Харківська хоральна синагога) is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, located at 12 Pushkinska Street, Kharkiv, in the Kharkiv Oblast of Ukraine. The Chabad congregation worships in the synagogue, also called Beit Menachem, reportedly the largest synagogue in Ukraine, and a building of architectural significance.

The Kharkiv Public Library (Ukrainian: Харківська громадська бібліотека, Kharkiv Korolenko State Scientific Library) is an architectural monument located in the center of Kharkiv, Ukraine in Korolenko Lane, 18. It was erected in 1899–1901 according to the design of the prominent Ukrainian architect Oleksiy Beketov, who performed the work free of charge. The building is a monument of architecture and urban planning of local significance of Ukraine (№ 7153-Ха) and a monument of history of local significance of Ukraine (№ 91). The library building was damaged by Russian shelling during the battles for Kharkiv in 2022.

Kharkiv State Scientific Library of Vladimir Korolenko (Ukrainian: Kharkhiv'ska derzhavna naukova biblioteka im. V. G. Korolenka) – second by book fund after the Library of Vernadsky in Kyiv, Ukraine. There are 12 reading rooms for 524 places. Annually, to library comes up to 70 thousand documents (books, magazines, newspapers, databases and electronic documents on CD-ROM, etc.) An extensive system of reference – HDNB bibliography contains more than 60 directories and files including electronic, bibliography fund computerized database, printed catalogs and consolidated fund made references.

The Building of the Merchant Bank (Ukrainian: Будівля купецького банку, Ukrainian: Асторія "Astoria" or Ukrainian: Мелодія "Melody") is a historical building in the city center of Kharkiv, located on Pavlivskyi Square, 10. It is a monument of architecture and urban planning of local significance No. 7278-Ха.