Nuremberg trials

1940s in Germany1940s in lawCourts and tribunals disestablished in 1946Courts and tribunals established in 1945Crime of aggression ... and 10 more

Crimes against humanityEx post facto lawHistory of NurembergHolocaust trialsInternational Military Tribunal in NurembergInternational courts and tribunalsNazi war crimes trialsNuremberg trialsTrials in GermanyUse shortened footnotes from August 2022

The Nuremberg trials were held by the Allies against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany, for plotting and carrying out invasions of other countries, and other crimes, in World War II. Between 1939 and 1945, Nazi Germany invaded many countries across Europe, inflicting 27 million deaths in the Soviet Union alone. Proposals for how to punish the defeated Nazi leaders ranged from a show trial (the Soviet Union) to summary executions (the United Kingdom). In mid-1945, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States agreed to convene a joint tribunal in Nuremberg, with the Nuremberg Charter as its legal instrument. Between 20 November 1945 and 1 October 1946, the International Military Tribunal (IMT) tried 21 of the most important surviving leaders of Nazi Germany in the political, military, and economic spheres, as well as six German organizations. The purpose of the trial was not just to convict the defendants but also to assemble irrefutable evidence of Nazi crimes, offer a history lesson to the defeated Germans, and delegitimize the traditional German elite. The IMT focused on the crime of aggression—plotting and waging aggressive war, which the verdict declared "the supreme international crime" because "it contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole". Most of the defendants were also charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity. Twelve further trials were conducted by the United States against lower-level perpetrators, which focused more on the Holocaust. Although controversial at the time for their use of ex post facto law, the trials' innovation of holding individuals responsible for violations of international law established international criminal law.

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Nuremberg trials
Bärenschanzstraße, Nuremberg Sankt Johannis

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude	Longitude
N 49.454444444444 °	E 11.048333333333 °

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Address

Memorium Nürnberger Prozesse

Bärenschanzstraße 72
90429 Nuremberg, Sankt Johannis
Bavaria, Germany
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call+4991132179372

Website
museen.nuernberg.de

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Nearby Places

Palace of Justice, Nuremberg

The Nuremberg Palace of Justice (German: Justizpalast) is a building complex in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. It was constructed from 1909 to 1916 and houses the appellate court (Oberlandesgericht), the regional court (Landgericht), the local court (Amtsgericht) and the public prosecutor's office (Staatsanwaltschaft). The Nuremberg Trials Memorial (Memorium Nürnberger Prozesse) is located on the top floor of the courthouse. The International Nuremberg Principles Academy is housed on the ground floor of the east wing since 2020.

Judges' Trial

The Judges' Trial (German: Juristenprozess; or, the Justice Trial, or, officially, The United States of America vs. Josef Altstötter, et al.) was the third of the 12 trials for war crimes the U.S. authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany in Nuremberg after the end of World War II. These twelve trials were all held before U.S. military courts, not before the International Military Tribunal, but took place in the same rooms at the Palace of Justice. The twelve U.S. trials are collectively known as the "Subsequent Nuremberg Trials" or, more formally, as the "Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals" (NMT). The defendants in this case were 16 German jurists and lawyers. Nine had been officials of the Reich Ministry of Justice, the others were prosecutors and judges of the Special Courts and People's Courts of Nazi Germany. They were—amongst other charges—held responsible for implementing and furthering the Nazi "racial purity" program through the eugenic and racial laws. The judges in this case, held in Military Tribunal III, were Carrington T. Marshall (presiding judge), former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio; James T. Brand, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Oregon; Mallory B. Blair, formerly judge of the Third Court of Appeals of Texas; and Justin Woodward Harding of the Bar of the State of Ohio as an alternate judge. Marshall had to retire because of illness on June 19, 1947, at which point Brand became president and Harding a full member of the tribunal. The Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was Telford Taylor; his deputy was Charles M. LaFollette. The indictment was presented on January 4, 1947; the trial lasted from March 5 to December 4, 1947. Ten of the defendants were found guilty; four received sentences of lifetime imprisonment, and six received prison sentences of varying lengths. Four persons were acquitted of all charges.

Bärenschanze station

Bärenschanze station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U1 line.

Maximilianstraße station

Maximilianstraße station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U1 line.

Gostenhof station

Gostenhof station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn train station, in Nuremberg, Germany. It is located on the U1 line.

Nürnberg Rothenburgerstraße station

Nürnberg Rothenburgerstraße station (German: Bahnhof Nürnberg Rothenburgerstraße), also rendered as Nürnberg Rothenburger Straße, is a railway station in the city of Nuremberg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the standard gauge Nuremberg–Bamberg line of Deutsche Bahn. The station is connected to the Rothenburger Straße station of the Nuremberg U-Bahn.

Rothenburger Straße station

Rothenburger Straße station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U2 and U3. When traveling in a southerly direction it is the last station to be served by both U2 and U3. The station is connected to the Nürnberg Rothenburgerstraße station of the Nuremberg S-Bahn

Lutheran University of Applied Sciences Nuremberg

The Lutheran University of Applied Sciences Nuremberg, (in German: Evangelische Hochschule Nürnberg (EVHN)) was founded in 1995 and is one of the smallest University of Applied Sciences in Bavaria with about 850 students and is under the auspices of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria. Thus it is a private university, however with the full academic acknowledgement and accreditation by the Bavarian Ministry of Sciences, Research and the Arts.

Nordwestring station

Nordwestring station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station. It is the northern terminus of the U3 line and was opened on 22 May 2017.

Sündersbühl station

Sündersbühl station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U3.

St. Rochus Cemetery, Nuremberg

St. Rochus Cemetery (Rochusfriedhof) is a cemetery in Nuremberg, Germany. It is located in the Gostenhof quarter.

Eberhardshof station

Eberhardshof station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U1. It used to be the terminus for the "booster" line U11 until 2017 when trains formerly marked "U11" and "U21" were folded into U1 and U2.