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Lisbon Astronomical Observatory

Astronomical observatories in PortugalBuildings and structures in LisbonHistory of science museumsMuseums in LisbonScience and technology in Portugal
Science museums in PortugalUniversity museumsUniversity of Lisbon
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The Lisbon Astronomical Observatory (Portuguese: Observatório Astronómico de Lisboa) is an astronomical observatory located in Tapada da Ajuda, in the civil parish of Alcântara, municipality of Lisbon. Recognized internationally for its quality of work in the field of positioning astronomy (since the 19th century), in 1992, it became a dependency of the University of Lisbon (and later, part of the Faculty of Sciences), responsible for scientific and historical research, along with media relations.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Lisbon Astronomical Observatory (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Lisbon Astronomical Observatory
Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon Alcântara (Alcântara)

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N 38.710538888889 ° E -9.1875055555556 °
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Observatório Astronómico de Lisboa (Observatório Astronómico Dom Luís;Observatório Astronómico da Tapada da Ajuda;Observatório Astronómico da Ajuda)

Tapada da Ajuda
1300-320 Lisbon, Alcântara (Alcântara)
Portugal
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Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Instituto Superior de Agronomia

Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), School of Agronomy – University of Lisbon, is a national and international renowned faculty of excellence for graduation and post-graduation studies in Agronomy, Forestry, Food Science, Landscape Architecture, Environment, Animal Production, Plant Protection, Economy and Rural Sociology and Botany and Biological Engineering. Dynamic academic education and research and development have been a priority for the past 150 years. The faculty is currently ongoing an extensive reform that will be fully implemented by the coming year of 2008, with all graduation and post-graduation levels being in a European format. The student population is over 1500 in three levels of studying, including post-doctoral research studies. The teaching staff consists of 145 teachers and 6 researchers, mainly PhDs and post-docs and is organised in 10 departments. The school’s location is quite unique: situated in the heart of Lisbon, it spreads over a green wooded area of 100 hectares (250 acres) with various agronomic and forestry experimentations sites. This vast protected area, classified as of “Public Interest”, plays an important role in the city’s environmental balance and is a fundamental recreational landscape for Lisbon’s population. It also includes a small conference centre with a 300-delegate capacity, an Exhibition Pavilion with a Victorian (iron/Eiffel-like) architecture, several gardens, rugby and football fields and other facilities all of which can also be used by the city community. ISA is executive board of a European project: FIRE PARADOX. Francisco Rego is the coordinator of this project. The aim is to learn to live with fire.

Palace of Ajuda
Palace of Ajuda

The Palace of Ajuda (Portuguese: Palácio da Ajuda, Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈʒudɐ]) is a neoclassical monument in the civil parish of Ajuda in the city of Lisbon, central Portugal. Built on the site of a temporary wooden building constructed to house the Royal family after the 1755 earthquake and tsunami, it was originally begun by architect Manuel Caetano de Sousa, who planned a late Baroque-Rococo building. Later, it was entrusted to José da Costa e Silva and Francisco Xavier Fabri, who planned a magnificent building in the modern neoclassical style. Over time, the project underwent several periods when the construction was stopped or slowed due to financial constraints or political conflicts. When the Royal Family had to flee to Brazil (in 1807), following the invasion of Portugal by French troops, the work proceeded very slowly with Fabri taking charge of the project, later followed by António Francisco Rosa. Lack of financial resources would also result in the scaling down of the project. The construction of the Ajuda Palace, which began in 1796 and lasted until the late 19th century, was a project plagued by various political, economic and artistic/architectural problems. It was invaded by Napoleon's troops in 1807, and discontinued by Liberal forces who imposed a constitutional monarchy that reduced the power of the royal family. Artistically, it was a convergence of the Baroque styles from Mafra, very connected to regal authority, with the birth of the Neoclassic style from Italy. Further interruptions occurred, due to a lack of funds, political sanctions or disconnection between the workers and the authorities responsible for the project. The project was modified several times, but was generally authored by Manuel Caetano de Sousa (the last Baroque architect) and, later, Costa e Silva and Fabri, both of them Bolognese architects whose tastes crossed the architectural spectrum, but in which Neoclassicism predominated.When the palace finally became a permanent residence of the royal family during the reign of King Luis I and his wife, Maria Pia of Savoy, their architect, Possidónio da Silva, introduced many aesthetic changes and turned one of the lateral façades into the main one. Most of the palace interiors were designed during King Luis I’s reign by his wife, Queen Maria Pia and Possidónio da Silva. Maria Pia lived in the palace from the day she became Queen of Portugal, in 1862, until the republican Revolution in 1910, when the royal family was forced into exile.

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Kingdom of Portugal
Kingdom of Portugal

The Kingdom of Portugal (Latin: Regnum Portugalliae, Portuguese: Reino de Portugal) was a monarchy on the western part of the Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic. Existing to various extents between 1139 and 1910, it was also known as the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves after 1415, and as the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves between 1815 and 1822. The name is also often applied to the Portuguese Empire, the realm's extensive overseas colonies. The nucleus of the Portuguese state was the County of Portugal, established in the 9th century as part of the Reconquista, by Vímara Peres, a vassal of the King of Asturias. The county became part of the Kingdom of León in 1097, and the Counts of Portugal established themselves as rulers of an independent kingdom in the 12th century, following the battle of São Mamede. The kingdom was ruled by the Alfonsine Dynasty until the 1383–85 Crisis, after which the monarchy passed to the House of Aviz. During the 15th and 16th century, Portuguese exploration established a vast colonial empire. From 1580 to 1640, the Kingdom of Portugal was in personal union with Habsburg Spain. After the Portuguese Restoration War of 1640–1668, the kingdom passed to the House of Braganza and thereafter to the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. From this time, the influence of Portugal declined, but it remained a major power due to its most valuable colony, Brazil. After the independence of Brazil, Portugal sought to establish itself in Africa, but was ultimately forced to halt its expansion due to the 1890 British Ultimatum, eventually leading to the collapse of the monarchy in the 5 October 1910 revolution and the establishment of the First Portuguese Republic. Portugal was an absolute monarchy before 1822. It alternated between absolute and constitutional monarchy from 1822 until 1834, and was a constitutional monarchy after 1834.