Estado Novo (Portugal)

Grande Lisboa (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɡɾɐ̃d(ɨ) liʒˈβo.ɐ]) or Greater Lisbon is a former Portuguese NUTS III subregion integrated in the Lisboa Region. It was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision. It is part of the historical Estremadura Province. It includes the capital and prime city of Portugal, Lisbon (Lisboa in Portuguese). It is the main economical subregion of the country. It covers 1,376 km2 and it is the most populous and most densely populated Portuguese subregion (2,042,477 inhabitants and 1,483.6 inhabitants/km2).

Lisbon District (Portuguese: Distrito de Lisboa, pronounced [diʃˈtɾitu ðɨ liʒˈβo.ɐ] (listen)) is a district located in the South Central Portugal, the district capital is the city of Lisbon, also the national capital. From its creation in 1835 until 1926, it included the area of the current Setúbal District.

The First Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Primeira República Portuguesa; officially: República Portuguesa, Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May 1926 coup d'état. The latter movement instituted a military dictatorship known as Ditadura Nacional (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist Estado Novo (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar. The sixteen years of the First Republic saw nine presidents and 44 ministries, and were altogether more of a transition between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Estado Novo than they were a coherent period of governance.

The Kingdom of Portugal (Latin: Regnum Portugalliae, Portuguese: Reino de Portugal) was a monarchy on the western part of the Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic. Existing to various extents between 1139 and 1910, it was also known as the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves after 1415, and as the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves between 1815 and 1822. The name is also often applied to the Portuguese Empire, the realm's extensive overseas colonies. The nucleus of the Portuguese state was the County of Portugal, established in the 9th century as part of the Reconquista, by Vímara Peres, a vassal of the King of Asturias. The county became part of the Kingdom of León in 1097, and the Counts of Portugal established themselves as rulers of an independent kingdom in the 12th century, following the battle of São Mamede. The kingdom was ruled by the Alfonsine Dynasty until the 1383–85 Crisis, after which the monarchy passed to the House of Aviz. During the 15th and 16th century, Portuguese exploration established a vast colonial empire. From 1580 to 1640, the Kingdom of Portugal was in personal union with Habsburg Spain. After the Portuguese Restoration War of 1640–1668, the kingdom passed to the House of Braganza and thereafter to the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. From this time, the influence of Portugal declined, but it remained a major power due to its most valuable colony, Brazil. After the independence of Brazil, Portugal sought to establish itself in Africa, but was ultimately forced to halt its expansion due to the 1890 British Ultimatum, eventually leading to the collapse of the monarchy in the 5 October 1910 revolution and the establishment of the First Portuguese Republic. Portugal was an absolute monarchy before 1822. It alternated between absolute and constitutional monarchy from 1822 until 1834, and was a constitutional monarchy after 1834.

The siege of Lisbon, from 1 July to 25 October 1147, was the military action that brought the city of Lisbon under definitive Portuguese control and expelled its Moorish overlords. The siege of Lisbon was one of the few Christian victories of the Second Crusade—it was "the only success of the universal operation undertaken by the pilgrim army", i.e., the Second Crusade, according to the near contemporary historian Helmold, though others have questioned whether it was really part of that crusade. It is seen as a pivotal battle of the wider Reconquista. The fall of Edessa in 1144 led to a call for a new crusade by Pope Eugene III in 1145 and 1146. In the spring of 1147, the Pope authorized the crusade in the Iberian peninsula. He also authorized Alfonso VII of León and Castile to equate his campaigns against the Moors with the rest of the Second Crusade. In May 1147, a contingent of crusaders left from Dartmouth in England. They had intended to sail directly to the Holy Land, but weather forced the ships to stop on the Portuguese coast, at the northern city of Porto on 16 June 1147. There they were convinced to meet with King Afonso I of Portugal. The crusaders agreed to help the King attack Lisbon, with a solemn agreement that offered to the crusaders the pillage of the city's goods and the ransom money for expected prisoners. The siege began on 1 July. The city of Lisbon at the time of arrival consisted of sixty thousand families, including the refugees who had fled Christian onslaught from neighbouring cities of Santarém and others. Also reported by the De expugnatione Lyxbonensi is that the citadel was holding 154,000 men, not counting women and children; as the Medieval account put it, after 17 weeks of siege "the inhabitants were despoiled and the city cleansed". After four months, the Moorish rulers agreed to surrender on 24 October, primarily because of hunger within the city. Most of the crusaders settled in the newly captured city, but some of the crusaders set sail and continued to the Holy Land. Lisbon eventually became the capital city of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1255.

The Macau Scientific and Cultural Centre Museum (The Macau Museum) in Lisbon is Portugal's main museum of Chinese artefacts and artworks. Made to document Sino-Portuguese relations, the museum contains over 3,500 works of art including decorative artwork, costumes, a collection of opium-smoking paraphernalia and an important extensive collection of Chinese ceramics.The museum comprises two distinct and complementary sections, a section on the Historical and Cultural Condition of Macau in the 16th and 17th Centuries on the ground floor and a section in its Chinese Art Collection on the first floor.

Burnay Palace (Portuguese: Palácio Burnay) is a Portuguese palace located in the Alcântara parish in Lisbon, Portugal.

The CARRIS Museum (Portuguese: Museu da Carris) is a museum that is open to the public and showcases the history of public transport in Lisbon. It is situated in the civil parish of Alcântara, municipality of Lisbon.

The Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Segurança Interna (Portuguese for Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Homeland Security) is a Portuguese higher education institution, a police university institute or Police academy of the PSP - Polícia de Segurança Pública. It is located in Lisbon, Portugal.

The Cordoaria Nacional was a former naval rope-making factory in Belém, Lisbon District, Portugal. It now functions as an exhibition centre.

Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), School of Agronomy – University of Lisbon, is a national and international renowned faculty of excellence for graduation and post-graduation studies in Agronomy, Forestry, Food Science, Landscape Architecture, Environment, Animal Production, Plant Protection, Economy and Rural Sociology and Botany and Biological Engineering. Dynamic academic education and research and development have been a priority for the past 150 years. The faculty is currently ongoing an extensive reform that will be fully implemented by the coming year of 2008, with all graduation and post-graduation levels being in a European format. The student population is over 1500 in three levels of studying, including post-doctoral research studies. The teaching staff consists of 145 teachers and 6 researchers, mainly PhDs and post-docs and is organised in 10 departments. The school’s location is quite unique: situated in the heart of Lisbon, it spreads over a green wooded area of 100 hectares (250 acres) with various agronomic and forestry experimentations sites. This vast protected area, classified as of “Public Interest”, plays an important role in the city’s environmental balance and is a fundamental recreational landscape for Lisbon’s population. It also includes a small conference centre with a 300-delegate capacity, an Exhibition Pavilion with a Victorian (iron/Eiffel-like) architecture, several gardens, rugby and football fields and other facilities all of which can also be used by the city community. ISA is executive board of a European project: FIRE PARADOX. Francisco Rego is the coordinator of this project. The aim is to learn to live with fire.

Alcântara (Portuguese pronunciation: [aɫˈkɐ̃tɐɾɐ]) is a freguesia (civil parish) and district of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Located in western Lisbon, Alcântara is to the east of Ajuda and Belém and west of Estrela and Campo de Ourique. Alcântara had a population in 2011 of 13,943.