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Eforia Spitalelor Civile

Hospitals in RomaniaMedical and health foundations
Palatul Fostei Eforii a Spitalelor Civile Primaria sect. 5; Bucuresti sect. 5, Bd. Elisabeta nr. 29 31
Palatul Fostei Eforii a Spitalelor Civile Primaria sect. 5; Bucuresti sect. 5, Bd. Elisabeta nr. 29 31

Eforia Spitalelor Civile (English: Board of Civil Hospitals) was a non-profit organization which managed hospitals in Wallachia and Moldavia. Created by general Pavel Kiselyov in 1832, the organization survived until 1948, when it was abolished by the communist authorities. Initially, by General Kiselyov's decree of April 2, 1832, the board had the authority of managing the Colțea, Pantelimon, and Filantropia hospitals in Bucharest. In the course of time, it created and managed other hospitals, mainly in Wallachia, but also in Moldavia. The Board was reorganized on October 2, 1864, when new legislation required the board's budget to be submitted to parliament's approval and that the accounting be done according to government regulations and subject of the control of the Court of Accounts ("Curtea de conturi"). To finance the hospitals, the board had been endowed with land property, a significant part located in the territories of the former Turkish rayas. By 1921 it had a property of tens of thousands hectares of farm land and over 50,000 ha (120,000 acres) of forests. After the 1921 agrarian reform, the Board retained its right on the payments for oil extraction from its former properties. The board also owned several important buildings in Bucharest and several hotels in Sinaia.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Eforia Spitalelor Civile (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Eforia Spitalelor Civile
Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta, Bucharest Dealul Spirii

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N 44.434798732239 ° E 26.097127708458 °
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Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta
050012 Bucharest, Dealul Spirii
Romania
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Palatul Fostei Eforii a Spitalelor Civile Primaria sect. 5; Bucuresti sect. 5, Bd. Elisabeta nr. 29 31
Palatul Fostei Eforii a Spitalelor Civile Primaria sect. 5; Bucuresti sect. 5, Bd. Elisabeta nr. 29 31
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Pasajul Macca-Vilacrosse
Pasajul Macca-Vilacrosse

Pasajul Macca-Vilacrosse is a fork-shaped, yellow glass covered arcaded street in central Bucharest, Romania. Câmpineanu Inn (Romanian: Hanul Câmpineanu) once stood in the place nowadays occupied by the passage. The old Inn was bought by Petros Seraphim, who gifted it to two of his daughters as dowries. Daughter Polixena married in 1843 Xavier Vilacrosse, Chief Architect of Bucharest, 1840–1848, the Inn renamed after him. Daughter Anastasia married Mihalache Macca, who built luxury shops on their part. In the late 1880s, the city decided to buy the sites to build a Western style passage to relieve congestion. It was designed by architect Felix Xenopol, and opened in 1891. Because the central part of the site was occupied by the Pesht Hotel, which the owner refused to sell, the passage was executed as a two-tined, fork-like shape with two wings around the two sides of the hotel. The narrow streets were covered with a glass roof, allowing the entry of natural light while providing shelter from the rain. The ground floor was meant for shops, while the rooms on the first floor were for rent. One branch of the passage was called Vilacrosse, while the other one was called Macca, after the old owners. The two-tined end opens onto Calea Victoriei, one of Bucharest's main avenues; the other end opens toward the National Bank in the historic Lipscani district. Pasajul Macca-Vilacrosse hosted the first Stock Exchange House of Bucharest, before a larger and more appropriate structure was built. Between 1950 and 1990 the passage was called Pasajul Bijuteria ("Jewelry Store Passage"), but the initial name was restored afterwards. Today it hosts several indoor/outdoor eating establishments, including an Egyptian-themed bar/restaurant, the Blues Cafe, a bistro, a Chinese restaurant and a wine bar.

Zlătari Church
Zlătari Church

The Zlătari Church (Romanian: Biserica Zlătari) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 12 Calea Victoriei in the Lipscani district of Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to the Nativity of Mary. Reportedly, the first church on the site was built in the mid-17th century, likely of wood, and is mentioned in a 1667 document. Legend has it that the founders were zlătari, gold or silversmiths. The 1709 pisanie was lost in 1850, but a likely apocryphal record of its Greek text was preserved. According to this source, a new church was built in 1705, with Spătar Mihail Cantacuzino as ktetor. He generously endowed the monastery with stores and estates, making it among the wealthiest in the country during the 18th century. In 1709, when Patriarch of Alexandria Gerasimos Palladas visited the court of Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu, the monastery and its surrounding inn were subordinated to his church.The church suffered severe damage during the 1802 and 1838 earthquakes, and was entirely rebuilt starting in 1850, as recorded by the 1860 pisanie, also in Greek; reportedly, Xavier Villacrosse was the architect. The interior painting, dating to 1853–1856, was done by Gheorghe Tattarescu, and features biblical scenes on large panels. The iconostasis, carved in wood and gilt, as well as its silvered icons, are works of art. The monastery chapel, mentioned by Dionisie Fotino in 1818 and used for prayer by Russian travelers, was demolished in 1850. The building underwent repairs in 1864, 1876 and 1898, becoming a parish church in 1888. In 1903, the inn and bell tower were demolished in order to widen the street. A fresco depicting the Nativity of the Virgin and an inscription submitting to Alexandria were discovered at the time, but later lost.The church was again restored in 1907–1908; its domes were damaged in the 1940 tremor. These were repaired provisionally and given their current form in 1971–1973. Until the late 1970s, the church stood alone between Lipscani and Stavropoleos Streets, with green space covering the inn foundation. At that point, one apartment block was built on either side.The single-nave church measures 23.5 meters long by 12 meters wide, finishing in an altar apse. Aside from the central dome, there are four smaller ones atop the nave corners; these are octagonal, resting on square bases. Light comes into the interior through stained glass windows depicting saints. Two brass candelabra in Oriental style were donated by the father of a colonel who lived in the inn around 1830. Red bricks decorate the exterior. The canopied portico features arches on stone columns. The right arm of Saint Cyprian is held in a small reliquary before the altar.The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.

Dobroteasa Church
Dobroteasa Church

The Dobroteasa Church (Romanian: Biserica Dobroteasa) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 35 B Mircea Vodă Boulevard in Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to the Annunciation. According to Nicolae Iorga, the name Dobroteasa may derive from an Old Church Slavonic term for the Virgin Mary, or from the wife of a certain Dobrotă who may have endowed the original 17th century church. According to the pisanie, a masonry church was built on the site in 1730, with Vistier (treasurer) Constantin Năsturel as ktetor; earlier, a small wooden church had stood there. Damaged by the 1838 earthquake, it was restored in 1847. By 1884, the church again lay in ruins, and the city authorities ordered its demolition.The current church was begun in 1887, completed in November 1892 and, nearly a year later, dedicated with great pomp by Metropolitan Ghenadie Petrescu. Gheorghe Ioanide painted Biblical scenes on large panels between 1893 and 1894. The carved oak choir seats are decorated with griffons and a crown with cross, the coat of arms of the Năsturel family. Thorough repairs took place in 1955–1958. Consolidation work began in 1985, following the 1977 quake. The church was shut down in 1986 and slated for demolition by the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime. A foundation was dug in front, and was meant to support an apartment block that would have blocked the view of the church from the street. That project was abandoned after the Romanian Revolution. The church reopened in 1991 and intermittent repairs took place subsequently.The cross-shaped church is fairly large, at 21 meters long by 8–11 meters wide. The entrance is preceded by a portico with three elongated arches, the middle one higher. They are supported by columns with Byzantine Revival capitals. The vestibule has two side towers. The narthex has a spherical ceiling, while the nave has deep, semicircular side apses. The Pantocrator dome, not very large, sits on ample pendentives painted with saints’ icons in medallion. The facade alternates between rows of five bricks and stone in relief. The octagonal domes on square bases are decorated in similar fashion. An ornamented belt surrounds the facades, including the pediment; rosettes are placed beneath this, inspired by the Curtea de Argeș Cathedral. The large windows terminate in a circular arch; around the narthex, they come in pairs. The two priests’ entrances are preceded by small porticoes.The church owns old icons and religious objects of value. It is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.