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Carol I National Defence University

1889 establishments in RomaniaCarol I National Defence UniversityEducational institutions established in 1889Europe university stubsMilitary academies of Romania
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Universitatea Nationala de Aparare
Universitatea Nationala de Aparare

The Carol I National Defence University (Romanian: Universitatea Naţională de Apărare "Carol I" (UNAp)) is an institution of higher education, located in Bucharest, Romania. It was established in 1889 by Stefan Falcoianu under the name Higher War School.. In 2005, it was renamed in honor of the Romanian King Carol I. The universities motto is "Great labor overcomes everything."The Carol I National Defence University seeks to train military and civilian experts in security and national defense. It undertakes scientific studies related to these matters when requested by relevant state authorities. The university is a member of the International Association for Military Pedagogy (IAMP), whose members include military and civilian professionals from military institutions of advanced learning.

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Carol I National Defence University
Șoseaua Panduri, Bucharest Uranus

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N 44.430048 ° E 26.066211 °
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Universitatea Națională de Aparare "Carol I"

Șoseaua Panduri
010251 Bucharest, Uranus
Romania
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Universitatea Nationala de Aparare
Universitatea Nationala de Aparare
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Saint Elizabeth Chapel
Saint Elizabeth Chapel

The Saint Elizabeth Chapel (Romanian: Capela Sfânta Elisabeta or Elisabeta Doamna) is a Romanian Orthodox chapel located at 90-92 Panduri Highway in the Cotroceni district of Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to Saint Elizabeth. The chapel was built on the grounds of a girls’ orphanage that opened in 1862; this was founded by and named after Elena Doamna, the consort of domnitor Alexandru Ion Cuza. In January 1870, her successor, Elisabeth of Wied, visited the orphanage and was warmly welcomed by the girls. She subsequently decided to open a public subscription for a chapel, becoming the first donor, with 12,000 lei or 600 gold coins. The campaign was a success and the cornerstone was laid in April. Carol Benesch, who had designed the orphanage, was the main architect. Gheorghe Tattarescu painted the interior, while Carol Storck carved the choir, iconostasis and other wooden features. Elisabeth donated furniture, liturgical books and a gilt Gospel Book painted by her. The chapel was dedicated in 1875 in the presence of the ruling family, dignitaries and a large crowd. In 1954, the early communist regime shut down the chapel. The Baroque iconostasis, with its three arches resting on short columns, along with several icons, were taken to another church. Later, alleged Satanists used the building as a meeting place, and it deteriorated further. Repairs began in 1992, after the Romanian Revolution, but a lack of funds led to their abandonment. Further repairs started in 2000 but were stopped the following year. In December 2003, a fire damaged the chapel, which had scaffolding inside. It was completely rebuilt in 2004. The chapel adjoins the back wall of the former orphanage; a stone staircase of honor links the two buildings. The style is eclectic: neoclassical with Byzantine revival and romantic elements. Entry is either through the staircase or through an exterior vestibule on the western facade. The design is square, measuring 8 x 8 meters. A dome, visible from afar and resting on four pillars, rises above the center; it features a roof lantern and a cross. Its visibility increased when the top floor of the orphanage was demolished after the 1977 earthquake. There are three rectangular apses, to the west, north and east. The altar apse faces east, while the north apse has a window. The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs. The 1890 sculpture of the orphanage's first headmistress, Ana Davila, located in the churchyard, is also listed.

Bucharest Botanical Garden
Bucharest Botanical Garden

The Bucharest Botanical Garden (Romanian: Grădina Botanică din București), now named after its founder, Dimitrie Brândză, is located in the Cotroceni neighbourhood of Bucharest, Romania. It has a surface of 18.2 hectares (45.0 acres), including 4,000 square metres (1 acre) of greenhouses, and has more than 10,000 species of plants. The first botanical garden in Bucharest was founded in 1860 near the Faculty of Medicine by Carol Davila. The decree establishing the Botanical Garden was signed by Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza on November 5 of that year. Its first director was the botanist Ulrich Hoffmann, followed six years later by Dimitrie Grecescu. The garden was eventually moved to its current location in 1884 by Dimitrie Brândză, a Romanian botanist, and Louis Fuchs, a Belgian landscape architect. The gardens were opened in 1891, when the building of the greenhouses finished. The garden was damaged during World War I, when it was used by the German occupation troops, and during World War II, when it was hit by Anglo-American bombardments. In the Garden there is a Botanical Museum in a building of the Brâncovenesc style, located near the entrance gate, where more than 5,000 plant species are displayed, including 1,000 exotic plants. The Old Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden was built between 1889 and 1891, along the lines of the Greenhouses of Liège, Belgium. In 1976 it was closed to the public, continuing to house only crop plants. The Pavilion was rehabilitated in 2011, being arranged as a tropical forest corner and containing species of several exotic plant families.

Monument to the Heroes of the Engineer Arm
Monument to the Heroes of the Engineer Arm

The Monument to the Heroes of the Engineer Arm (Romanian: Monumentul Eroilor din Arma Geniului; often called Leul - "the Lion") in Bucharest, Romania is dedicated to the heroism and sacrifice of the military engineers who fought in the Romanian Army during World War I, of whom nearly a thousand were killed in action and many more wounded. Unveiled in June 1929, it is located at the intersection of Bulevardul Geniului and Bulevardul Iuliu Maniu, across the street from Cotroceni Palace. One of Bucharest's most recognisable monuments, it was financed entirely through donations from veteran officers of the Engineer Arm and executed by Spiridon Georgescu. Set into the pyramidal base are bronze reliefs depicting the engineers in action. Four life-sized bronze statues represent troops from the Engineer Arm — a sapper, a pontoon bridge builder, a Signal Corps engineer and a Căile Ferate Române soldier. But the monument's chief component is a statue of a lion, which stands atop the pedestal. With his front paws he tramples upon the barrel of a cannon (upon which sits a Pickelhaube); a flag flows downward. The lion symbolises the endurance, daring, and bravery shown by Romanian troops between 1916 and 1918, especially at the dramatic battles during the summer of 1917 — Mărăști, Oituz, and Mărășești. Carved into the pedestal in relief is the inscription, "Spuneți generațiilor viitoare că noi am făcut suprema jertfă pe câmpurile de bătaie pentru întregirea neamului" - "Tell succeeding generations that we made the supreme sacrifice on the fields of battle for the union of the people". A medallion on the steps at the bottom reads, "EROILOR DIN ARMA GENIULUI 1916–1919" — "To the heroes of the Engineer Arm 1916–1919".

Old St. Eleftherios Church
Old St. Eleftherios Church

The Old St. Eleftherios Church (Romanian: Biserica Sfântul Elefterie Vechi) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 15B Sfântul Elefterie Street in Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to Saint Eleftherios and to Saint George. The church was built in 1741-1744 on land belonging to the Metropolis of Ungro-Wallachia. The area was swampy, near a mill fed by the River. In 1748, Prince Grigore II Ghica strengthened the church’s position, declaring it a metochion of the Metropolis. In 1782, the grandson of Constantin Brâncoveanu found it necessary to carry out repairs. Damaged by the 1802 earthquake, its administration was taken over by Metropolitan Dositei Filitti two years later, and he consolidated the structure. The 1838 tremor caused severe damage; it is not known whether this was immediately fixed, but it is recorded that the monastic cells were demolished in 1852-1856. In 1867, the church was transformed into a Greek Revival building, as per the prevailing fashion.Restoration work began in 1929; Ștefan Balș-Lupu was in charge of architecture, while Paul Popescu Molda supervised the frescoes. The project finished in 1935, having consolidated the walls, redone the roof, restored the old cornice, opened the portico and brought back to light the exterior paintings. Around the same time, the surrounding street was straightened out and the church left on an island in the middle. The year 1935 saw the beginning of the New St. Eleftherios Church on land belonging to the old. The church was consolidated following the earthquakes of 1940 and 1977 (when the dome was rebuilt). Painting and structural repairs were carried out in 1982-1984.The church is 19 meters long and 6.4 meters wide. It is cross-shaped, with a porch and enlarged narthex topped by a bell tower. The portico has three arches facing west and two larger ones to the north and south. These are separated by massive stone columns. The stone door frame is carved in post-Brâncovenesc style. The lower half of the facade features a series of scalloped arches, while the upper part includes painted bas-relief medallions. Currently, the church is only used for special occasions, with regular services held in the new one.The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs; it acquired this status in 1915.