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Poznań Fortress

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Śluza Katedralna Poznań RB1
Śluza Katedralna Poznań RB1

Poznań Fortress, known in German as Festung Posen (Polish: Twierdza Poznań) was a set of fortifications in the city of Poznań (German: Posen) in western Poland, built under Prussian rule in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It represents the third largest system of its kind in Europe. The first set of fortifications was a tight defensive ring around central Poznań, including the main citadel called Fort Winiary (now the Cytadela park). Construction of these fortifications began in 1828. Later, beginning in 1876, an outer defensive ring was built around the perimeter of the city, consisting chiefly of a series of "forts", which mostly still survive. The term Festung Posen was also used by the Nazi German occupiers during the Red Army's advance in the closing phases of the Second World War, to refer to Poznań's status as one of the "strongholds" (Festungen) which were to be defended at all costs. It fell in the Battle of Poznań (1945), with Fort Winiary the last point of resistance.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Poznań Fortress (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Poznań Fortress
Poznań Stare Miasto

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

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N 52.4219 ° E 16.9352 °
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Obszar Natura 2000 Fortyfikacje w Poznaniu


61-663 Poznań, Stare Miasto
Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland
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Śluza Katedralna Poznań RB1
Śluza Katedralna Poznań RB1
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Poznań Old Town
Poznań Old Town

Poznań Old Town is the centermost neighbourhood of the city of Poznań in western Poland, covering the area of the once walled medieval city of Poznań. It is called Stare Miasto in Polish, although that name may also refer to the wider administrative district of Stare Miasto, which extends to most of the city centre and northern parts of the city. The Old Town is centred on Stary Rynek, the Old Market Square where the historic Poznań Town Hall (Ratusz) stands. It represents the glory of Poznań, from its foundation in 1253. One of Town Hall's towers hosts two small billy goats, which butt their heads together every day at noon. At the western end of the Old Town is the Przemysł Hill (Góra Przemysła) on which the King's castle once stood. The medieval Royal Castle in Poznań has been reconstructed between 2011 and 2016. The city walls were taken down when the city expanded in the early 19th century, but the street layout of the Old Town still corresponds closely to that of the former protected city, with a grid of narrow streets. Surviving fragments of the walls, some of which have been further reconstructed, can be seen on Stawna Street, Ludgardy Street, next to Chopin Park in the south of the Old Market Square and best parts are on Masztalarska street in the north. Poznań Old Town is listed as one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated November 28, 2008, along with other portions of the city's historic core. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland.

Winogrady
Winogrady

Winogrady [vinɔˈɡradɨ] is a part of the Stare Miasto district of the city of Poznań in western Poland. It is situated north of the Cytadela park (the former Poznań citadel). The name refers to the vineyards which formerly existed in the area – historically there were two villages there called Winiary (although "Winiary" today refers to a neighbourhood in Jeżyce district, to which the inhabitants were moved when the citadel fortifications were built in the 1830s). The southern part of Winogrady, between the streets ul. Winogrady and ul. Słowiańska, consists mainly of houses, although there are also some apartment blocks (including the "Batman" development, named for its black colour) and student halls of residence. North of this is an area which consists of large estates of apartment blocks, mostly built from pre-fabricated concrete panels from 1968 onwards. Most of these blocks and the estate infrastructure belong to the PSM Winogrady (Poznańska Spółdzielnia Mieszkaniowa Winogrady) housing cooperative, founded as a separate entity in 1984 (the development having previously been carried out by the PSM cooperative which now administers only the Piątkowo estates). The Winogrady estates house approximately 43,000 people, about 7–8% of the city's population. The estates (osiedla) are called Osiedle Pod Lipami ("Under the Lime Trees"), Osiedle Przyjaźni ("Friendship"), Osiedle Kosmonautów ("Cosmonauts'"), Osiedle Wichrowe Wzgórze ("Wuthering Heights") and Osiedle Zwycięstwa ("Victory"). There is also a newer estate (Osiedle Na Murawie) to the east of the district. Wichrowe Wzgórze was originally called Osiedle Kraju Rad ("Estate of the Land of Councils", referring to the Soviet Union), and Pod Lipami was called Osiedle Wielkiego Października ("Estate of Great October", referring to the October Revolution); these were renamed after the fall of the communist regime. For city governmental purposes, the area is divided into four parts, which also called osiedla: Stare Winogrady ("Old Winogrady"), Nowe Winogrady Północ ("New Winogrady North"), Nowe Winogrady Wschód ("New Winogrady East"), and Nowe Winogrady Południe ("New Winogrady South"). See Administrative division of Poznań. The main street Aleje Solidarności ("Solidarity Avenue"), formerly ul. Serbska ("Serb Street"), runs between Przyjaźni and Pod Lipami to the south, and Zwycięstwa, Wichrowe Wzgórze and Kosmonautów to the north. North of the latter estates is ul. Lechicka, a main transit route through Poznań, north of which are a number of similar estates in the neighbourhood of Piątkowo. The Plaza and Pestka shopping and entertainment complexes are located on the south side of this street, in the north of Winogrady. The Poznań Fast Tram Route ("Pestka") runs west of the Winogrady estates, continuing northwards to Piątkowo and southwards to the city centre. There are also older tram lines which run from the centre eastwards along ul. Winogrady and then northwards, serving the eastern parts of the district.