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Oxford Castle

1071 establishments in EnglandBuildings and structures completed in 1073Castles in OxfordshireDefunct prisons in OxfordshireGrade I listed buildings in Oxford
Grade I listed castlesGrade I listed prison buildingsHotels in OxfordMotte-and-bailey castlesMuseums in OxfordshireNorman architecture in EnglandPrison museums in the United KingdomScheduled monuments in OxfordshireTourist attractions in OxfordUse British English from February 2023
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Oxford Castle is a large, partly ruined medieval castle on the western side of central Oxford in Oxfordshire, England. Most of the original moated, wooden motte and bailey castle was replaced in stone in the late 12th or early 13th century and the castle played an important role in the conflict of the Anarchy. In the 14th century the military value of the castle diminished and the site became used primarily for county administration and as a prison. The surviving rectangular St George's Tower is now believed to pre-date the remainder of the castle and be a watch tower associated with the original Saxon west gate of the city. Most of the castle was destroyed in the English Civil War and by the 18th century the remaining buildings had become Oxford's local prison. A new prison complex was built on the site from 1785 onwards and expanded in 1876; this became HM Prison Oxford. The prison closed in 1996 and was redeveloped as a hotel and visitor attraction. The medieval remains of the castle including the motte, St George's Tower and crypt, are Grade I listed buildings and a Scheduled Monument.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Oxford Castle (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Oxford Castle
Paradise Street, Oxford City Centre

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N 51.7517 ° E -1.2632 °
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Oxford Castle and Prison

Paradise Street
OX1 1LD Oxford, City Centre
England, United Kingdom
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oxfordcastleandprison.co.uk

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Paradise Street, Oxford

Paradise Street is a historical street in central Oxford, England. It is in the St Ebbe's area of Oxford, to the southwest of Oxford Castle. The street runs from Paradise Square to Quaking Bridge, across Castle Mill Stream. It continues to the east into Castle Street. Historically, both Greyfriars and Blackfriars lived here. The Jolly Farmers public house, a tavern originating in 1592, and in continual use ever since, sits on the corner of Paradise Street and Square. It has been the main Oxford LGBTQ+ venue since 1982. On the south side of the street is a late 17th-century house, Greyfriars, conserved in 1985. The two Greyfriars buildings on this street are now luxury holiday rentals called Greyfriars Hideaway. Swan Bridge is a Grade II listed bridge over the Castle Mill Stream forming part of Paradise Street. The bridge was Grade II listed in 1972.The Swan's Nest Brewery, later the Swan Brewery, was established by the early 18th century in Paradise Street. In 1795, it was acquired by William Hall. The brewery became known as Hall's Oxford Brewery, which acquired other local breweries. Hall's Brewery was acquired by Samuel Allsopp & Sons in 1926, after which it ceased brewing in Oxford.In 1885, Castle Terrace was built by F. J. Codd in the street. This became Simon House but has since been demolished and is now under transformation to become apartments. At the top end of the street is Westgate Oxford, the transformed shopping centre that is now home to many luxury brands, coffee shops, gyms, cinema, delis and restaurants.

Buildings of Nuffield College, Oxford
Buildings of Nuffield College, Oxford

The buildings of Nuffield College, one of the colleges of the University of Oxford, are to the west of the city centre of Oxford, England, and stand on the site of the basin of the Oxford Canal. Nuffield College was founded in 1937 after a donation to the University by the car manufacturer Lord Nuffield; he gave land for the college, as well as £900,000 (approximately £246 million in present-day terms) to build and endow it. The architect Austen Harrison, who had worked in Greece and Palestine, was appointed by the University to design the buildings. His initial design, heavily influenced by Mediterranean architecture, was rejected by Nuffield, who called it "un-English" and refused to allow his name to be associated with it. Harrison reworked the plans, aiming for "something on the lines of Cotswold domestic architecture", as Nuffield wanted. Construction of the second design began in 1949 and was finished in 1960. Progress was hampered by post-war building restrictions, and the effects of inflation on Nuffield's donation led to various cost-saving changes to the plans. In one change, the tower, which had been planned to be ornamental, was redesigned to hold the college's library. It was the first tower built in Oxford for 200 years and is about 150 feet (46 m) tall, including the flèche on top. The buildings are arranged around two quadrangles, with residential accommodation for students and fellows in one, and the hall, library and administrative offices in the other. The chapel has stained glass windows designed by John Piper. The architectural historian Sir Howard Colvin said that Harrison's first design was Oxford's "most notable architectural casualty of the 1930s"; it has also been described as a "missed opportunity" to show that Oxford did not live "only in the past". Reaction to the architecture of the college has been largely unfavourable. In the 1960s, it was described as "Oxford's biggest monument to barren reaction". The tower has been described as "ungainly", and marred by repetitive windows. The travel writer Jan Morris wrote that the college was "a hodge-podge from the start". However, the architectural historian Sir Nikolaus Pevsner, although unimpressed with most of the college, thought that the tower helped the Oxford skyline and predicted it would "one day be loved". The writer Simon Jenkins doubted Pevsner's prediction, and claimed that "vegetation" was the "best hope" for the tower – as well as the rest of the college.