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Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute

501(c)(3) organizationsCancer organizations based in the United StatesIndependent research institutesLa Jolla, San DiegoMedical research institutes in California
Stem cell research
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Sanford Burnham Prebys logo

Sanford Burnham Prebys is a 501(c)(3) non-profit medical research institute focusing on basic and translational research, with major research programs in cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and infectious, inflammatory, and childhood diseases. The Institute also specializes in stem cell research and drug discovery technologies. The Institute employs more than 500 scientists and staff at its campus in La Jolla, California. It is recognized for its NCI-designated Cancer Center, its drug discovery center (Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics) and the Sanford Children’s Health Research Center and its strategic partnerships with the biotech and pharmaceutical industry. Sanford Burnham Prebys operates an NCI-designated Cancer Center (one of seven basic research centers in the U.S.) and is ranked in the top 2% of research institutions worldwide by the number of citations. It is also #6 in the nation for the Nature Index of nonprofit/non-government institutions in biomedical science. Since its inception in 1976, the institution has grown from a small building in West San Diego to a campus in La Jolla including an accredited graduate school with more than 350 postdocs, graduate students and interns mentored per year. Current Institute educational programs serve trainees with professional development programs, postdoctoral scientific training and graduate programs in Biomedical Sciences. The Sanford Burnham Prebys educational system partners with the Sanford Burnham Prebys Science Network, the Office of Education, Training & International Services to cover an array of scientific career and professional development topics.

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Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
North Torrey Pines Road, San Diego Torrey Pines

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N 32.901192 ° E -117.241937 °
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Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute

North Torrey Pines Road
92093 San Diego, Torrey Pines
California, United States
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sbpdiscovery.org

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Torrey Pines Golf Course
Torrey Pines Golf Course

Torrey Pines Golf Course is a 36-hole municipal golf facility on the west coast of the United States, owned by the city of San Diego, California. It sits on the coastal cliffs overlooking the Pacific Ocean in the community of La Jolla, just south of Torrey Pines State Reserve. Opened 65 years ago in 1957, it was built on the site of Camp Callan, a U.S. Army installation during World War II.Torrey Pines has two 18-hole golf courses, North and South, both designed by William F. Bell (son of noted course architect William P. Bell). The South Course was redesigned by Rees Jones in 2001, and is now 7,802 yards (7,134 m) in length from the back tees with par at 72. The North Course was redesigned by Tom Weiskopf in 2016, switching the nines so that the famous ocean views are now enjoyed at the end of the round.Since the late 1960s, Torrey Pines has hosted the PGA Tour's Farmers Insurance Open, originally known as the San Diego Open. During those early editions at Torrey Pines, the course length was under 6,850 yards (6,265 m). Held annually in January or February, the tournament uses both courses for the first two rounds and the South Course for the final two rounds; it was held January 26–29 in 2022 and won by Luke List. The South Course has hosted two U.S. Opens: Tiger Woods won in sudden-death in 2008 after an 18-hole playoff against Rocco Mediate, and Jon Rahm won in 2021. Torrey Pines hosts the San Diego City Amateur Golf Championships every June, and the Junior World Golf Championships every July. Much like Bethpage Black (on Long Island, New York), Torrey Pines has a unique method to ensure continued public access to the course. On weekends, individuals arrive as early as 6 p.m. the prior night to get in line for the first-come, first-served tee times that are given out from sunrise until the first reservations at 7:30 a.m. The course is named for the Torrey Pine, a rare tree that grows in the wild only along this local stretch of the coastline in San Diego County and on Santa Rosa Island. The logo (illustrated: right) features a salt pruned representation of the tree.

DIII-D (tokamak)
DIII-D (tokamak)

DIII-D is a tokamak that has been operated since the late 1980s by General Atomics (GA) in San Diego, USA, for the U.S. Department of Energy. The DIII-D National Fusion Facility is part of the ongoing effort to achieve magnetically confined fusion. The mission of the DIII-D Research Program is to establish the scientific basis for the optimization of the tokamak approach to fusion energy production.DIII-D was built on the basis of the earlier Doublet III, the third in a series of machines built at GA to experiment with tokamaks having non-circular plasma cross sections. This work demonstrated that certain shapes strongly suppressed a variety of instabilities in the plasma, which led to much higher plasma pressure and performance. DIII-D is so-named because the plasma is shaped like the letter D, a shaping that is now widely used on modern designs, and has led to the class of machines known as "advanced tokamaks." Advanced tokamaks are characterized by operation at high plasma β through strong plasma shaping, active control of various plasma instabilities, and achievement of steady-state current and pressure profiles that produce high energy confinement for high fusion gain (ratio of fusion power to heating power). DIII-D is one of two large magnetic fusion experiments in the U.S. (the other being NSTX-U at PPPL) supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The program is focusing on R&D for pursuing steady-state advanced tokamak operation and supporting design and operation of the ITER experiment now under construction in France. ITER is designed to demonstrate a self-sustained burning plasma that will produce 10 times as much energy from fusion reactions as it requires for heating.