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Industrialnyi District, Kharkiv

Industrialnyi District (Kharkiv)Kharkiv Oblast geography stubsUrban districts of Kharkiv
Административное деление Харькова
Административное деление Харькова

Industrialnyi District (Ukrainian: Індустріальний район) is an urban district of the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine, named after its industrial hub built in 1930s at its city's eastern outskirts. It was originally developed as a "socialist city" (sotsgorod) to house the workers of the newly built Kharkiv Tractor Plant (KhTZ). In 1936 the district was named Ordzhonikidzevskyi after Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Stalin's commissar for heavy industry.On 24 October 1941, after a four-day battle, Kharkiv and the district was occupied by German forces. In advance of the Germans, most the industrial plant, including the KhTZ, has been dismantled and moved east or rendered inoperative. On 14 December, the German Stadtkommandant ordered the Jewish population to be concentrated in a hut settlement near the KhTZ. In two days, 20,000 Jews were gathered there. Those an SS Sonderkommando did not shoot were killed throughout January in a gas van. The district and the city were liberated by Soviet forces in February 1943. The district was liberated again, following a German counteroffensive in March, in August 1943.In February 2016 the district was renamed, Ordzhonikidzevskyi becoming the Industrialnyi District to comply with decommunization laws. The popular name for neighbourhood was, and has remained, "KhTZ", with a reputation of being the more socially deprived areas of the Kharkiv.According to a Feb. 28, 2022, report from Agroportal24h, the Kharkiv Tractor Plant, was destroyed and “engulfed in fire” by “massive shelling” from Russian forces. There is video purporting to record explosions and fire at the plant on 25 and 27 February 2022.On 4 March 2022, Human Rights Watch reported that on the fourth day of the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, 28 February 2022, Federation forces used cluster munitions in this, and two other districts, of Kharkiv. The rights group—which noted the "inherently indiscriminate nature of cluster munitions and their foreseeable effects on civilians"—based its assessment on interviews and an analyses of 40 videos and photographs.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Industrialnyi District, Kharkiv (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Industrialnyi District, Kharkiv
Severyna Pototskoho Street, Kharkiv ХТЗ

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N 49.95 ° E 36.366666666667 °
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Severyna Pototskoho Street 8
61075 Kharkiv, ХТЗ
Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine
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Административное деление Харькова
Административное деление Харькова
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Third Battle of Kharkov
Third Battle of Kharkov

The Third Battle of Kharkov was a series of battles on the Eastern Front of World War II, undertaken by Army Group South of Nazi Germany against the Soviet Red Army, around the city of Kharkov (today Kharkiv) between 19 February and 15 March 1943. Known to the German side as the Donets Campaign, and in the Soviet Union as the Donbas and Kharkov operations, the German counterstrike led to the recapture of the cities of Kharkov and Belgorod. As the German 6th Army was encircled in the Battle of Stalingrad, the Red Army undertook a series of wider attacks against the rest of Army Group South. These culminated on 2 January 1943 when the Red Army launched Operation Star and Operation Gallop, which between January and early February broke German defenses and led to the Soviet recapture of Kharkov, Belgorod, Kursk, as well as Voroshilovgrad and Izium. The Soviet victories caused participating Soviet units to over-extend themselves. Freed on 2 February by the surrender of the German 6th Army, the Red Army's Central Front turned its attention west and on 25 February expanded its offensive against both Army Group South and Army Group Center. Months of continuous operations had taken a heavy toll on the Soviet forces and some divisions were reduced to 1,000–2,000 combat effective soldiers. On 19 February, Field Marshal Erich von Manstein launched his Kharkov counterstrike, using the fresh II SS Panzer Corps and two panzer armies. Manstein benefited greatly from the massive air support of Field Marshal Wolfram von Richthofen's Luftflotte 4, whose 1,214 aircraft flew over 1,000 sorties per day from 20 February to 15 March to support the German Army, a level of airpower equal to that during the Case Blue strategic offensive a year earlier.The Wehrmacht flanked, encircled, and defeated the Red Army's armored spearheads south of Kharkov. This enabled Manstein to renew his offensive against the city of Kharkov proper on 7 March. Despite orders to encircle Kharkov from the north, the SS Panzer Corps instead decided to directly engage Kharkov on 11 March. This led to four days of house-to-house fighting before Kharkov was recaptured by the SS Division Leibstandarte on 15 March. The German forces recaptured Belgorod two days later, creating the salient which in July 1943 would lead to the Battle of Kursk. The German offensive cost the Red Army an estimated 90,000 casualties. The house-to-house fighting in Kharkov was also particularly bloody for the German SS Panzer Corps, which had suffered approximately 4,300 men killed and wounded by the time operations ended in mid-March.

Saltivka
Saltivka

Saltivka (Ukrainian: Салтiвка; Russian: Салтовка) is a large residential area located in the northeastern region of Kharkiv in eastern Ukraine. It covers most of the eponymous Saltivskyi District with parts extending into the Kyivskyi District and Nemyshlyanskyi District. It is sometimes called the Saltivskyi Masyv, as it realizes a soviet urban planning concept which consist of several different neighborhoods with similar architectural design. Despite its reputation as a deprived residential area with outdated and dilapidated housing, more than a third of Kharkiv's total population resides within its boundaries. According to various estimates, some 400–800,000 inhabitants live in Saltivka, making it one of the largest residential areas in Ukraine. The name of the neighborhood is derived from the road that leads to Staryi Saltiv and Verkhnii Saltiv in Chuhuiv Raion. The exact borders of the area aren't well defined, traditionally it to refers to a part of the city located between the Kharkiv river and its tributary Nemyshlia, though some might exclude from it the areas not covered by soviet tower blocks. Prior to the 1960s, Saltivka was called Saltivsky village, and consisted of a few small scattered areas with three-story buildings (Tyurinka, Stara Saltivka, Shevchenky, Selyshche imeni Kirova). Saltivka was conceived from the start as a purely residential neighborhood according to the Soviet concept of creating so-called sleeping districts in large industrial cities. Saltivka has almost no industrial compounds, but there are many shops and markets for residents. The neighborhood includes one of the largest warehouse markets in Ukraine near the Akademika Barabashova station the Kharkiv metro. The Barabashov marketplace, according to some sources, is the largest in Europe. Residential development was initiated by the Dipromisto Institute in 1963. Saltivka's residential panel buildings typically have 9, 12 and 16 floors, and more rarely, 5 floors. Separate high-rise buildings were constructed from 1967, and construction on the bulk of the buildings in Saltivka began in the 1970s. Few new buildings building have been added since the 1990s, mostly near the Studentska and Heroiv Pratsi metro stations. Saltivka was heavily damaged during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.