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Equestrian statue of Carol I

1939 sculptures2010 sculpturesBuildings and structures in BucharestCalea VictorieiEquestrian statues in Romania
Outdoor sculptures in BucharestStatues of monarchs
Bucuresti, Romania, Biblioteca Centrala Universitara (Statuia ecvestra a lui Carol I)
Bucuresti, Romania, Biblioteca Centrala Universitara (Statuia ecvestra a lui Carol I)

The equestrian statue of Carol I is a monument in Romania, situated in the central zone of Bucharest, on Calea Victoriei. The massive statue, cast in bronze, represents Carol I of Romania, the first King of Romania, mounted on his horse. The founder of the Romanian Dynasty, during his reign Romania conquered its independence from the Ottoman Empire, in 1877, in the course the Russo-Turkish War, known in Romania as the War of Independence. The statue is located on Calea Victoriei and stands in Piața Palatului (a square that was renamed "The Revolution Square" after the bloody events of 1989, opposite the National Museum of Art of Romania (the former royal palace) and in front of the Central University Library, Bucharest.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Equestrian statue of Carol I (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Equestrian statue of Carol I
Calea Victoriei, Bucharest

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude Longitude
N 44.439666666667 ° E 26.097 °
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Statuia lui Carol I

Calea Victoriei
010092 Bucharest (Sector 1)
Romania
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Bucuresti, Romania, Biblioteca Centrala Universitara (Statuia ecvestra a lui Carol I)
Bucuresti, Romania, Biblioteca Centrala Universitara (Statuia ecvestra a lui Carol I)
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Revolution Square, Bucharest

Revolution Square (Romanian: Piața Revoluției) is a square in central Bucharest, on Calea Victoriei. Known as Palace Square (Romanian: Piața Palatului) until 1989, it was renamed after the Romanian Revolution of December 1989. The former Royal Palace (now the National Museum of Art of Romania), the Athenaeum, the Athénée Palace Hotel, the University of Bucharest Library and the Memorial of Rebirth are located here. The square also houses the building of the former Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party (from where Nicolae Ceaușescu and his wife fled by helicopter on December 22, 1989). In 1990, the building became the seat of the Senate and since 2006 it houses the Ministry of Interior and Administrative Reform.Prior to 1948, an equestrian statue of King Carol I of Romania stood there. Created in 1930 by the Croatian sculptor Ivan Meštrović, the statue was destroyed in 1948 by the Communists, who never paid damages to the sculptor. In 2005, the Romanian Minister of Culture decided to recreate the destroyed statue from a model that was kept by Meštrović's family. In 2007, the Bucharest City Hall assigned the project to the sculptor Florin Codre, who is going to design an original statue of Carol inspired by Meštrović's model (most consider it a plagiarism).In August 1968 and December 1989, the square was the site of two mass meetings which represented the apogee and the nadir of Ceaușescu's regime. Ceaușescu's speech of 21 August 1968 marked the highest point in Ceaușescu's popularity, when he openly condemned the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and started pursuing a policy of independence from Kremlin. Ceaușescu's speech of 21 December 1989 was meant to emulate the 1968 assembly and presented by the official media as a "spontaneous movement of support for Ceaușescu", erupting into the popular revolt which led to the end of the regime.

George Enescu Festival
George Enescu Festival

The George Enescu Festival (also known as George Enescu International Festival and Competition), held in honor of the celebrated Romanian composer George Enescu, is the biggest classical music festival and classical international competition held in Romania and one of the biggest in Eastern Europe. Enescu's close associate George Georgescu organized the first festival in 1958; highlights included a performance of Bach's Concerto for Two Violins with Yehudi Menuhin and David Oistrakh as soloists and a staging of Enescu's sole opera, Œdipe, with Constantin Silvestri conducting.The official opening day of the Enescu Festival took place on 4 September 1958, merely three years after George Enescu's death. Among the music world's personalities that were present for this first edition of the festival were performers such as David Oistrakh, Halina Czerny-Stefanka, Nadia Boulanger, Monique Haas, Iacov Zak and Claudio Arrau, and conductors such as Sir John Barbirolli, Carlo Felice Cillario and Carlo Zecchi. On 22 September of the same year, the national premiere of George Enescu's lyrical tragedy "Oedipe" took place, starring a young David Ohanesian in the lead role. This role was going to mark out the rest of his career as a soloist (conductor: Constantin Silvestri, Directed by Jean Ranzescu, Scenery: Roland Laub). Violinist, teacher, conductor and composer, worldwide known for his lush opera composition Oedipe, George Enescu presented his first work as a composer with the Collonne Orchestra in Paris, 1898; he also performed as a conductor at prestigious Carnegie Hall (NY). Enescu was also the teacher of one of the greatest violinists of the past century – Lord Yehudi Menuhin. Their bond was so strong that in 1995, Menuhin accepted the invitation to come to Romania to open the George Enescu International Festival. Menuhin also accepted to be the President of Honor of the Enescu Festival in 1998, though his schedule as a soloist was full up to 2003. Today, an average of around 20 works by Romanian composer George Enescu are interpreted in the Enescu Festival each edition. The 2015 edition of the Enescu Festival (30 August – 20 September 2015 Bucharest) brings on stage interpretations from Enescu's works by record-breaking German violinist David Garrett, San Francisco Symphony Orchestra (Pulitzer Prize for Music), or Israel Philharmonic Orchestra under Zubin Mehta. Highlights of this edition of the Festival also include violinist Anne-Sophie Mutter, Berliner Philharmoniker, London Symphony Orchestra and Royal Liverpool Symphony Orchestra. The concerts are held in three different venues in Bucharest, Iași and Sibiu. The 2007 presentations ended with a performance of Carl Orff's Carmina Burana before an audience of over 4,000 at the Sala Palatului. The competition portion of the Festival lasts about a week, and it consists of three different categories: composition (118 participants in 2007), piano (44 in 2007), and violin (41 in 2007), each a record number of participants. In the 2005 and 2007 presentations a daily open-air concert was added to the festival program. It is known as the Festival Piazza and features 3½ hours of classical music, in addition to movies about the life of George Enescu.

White Church, Bucharest
White Church, Bucharest

The White Church (Romanian: Biserica Albă) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 110 Calea Victoriei in Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to Saint Nicholas. The origins of the church are uncertain, but it probably existed in the late 17th century. It appears to have been founded on an estate of the Văcărescu family. The formal dedication likely occurred around 1700, with one theory suggesting a Văcărescu widow in the role of ktetorissa, while Jupâneasa Vișa and the priest Neagu Dârvaș are seen as likelier candidates. At any rate, the surrounding district and the church itself were nicknamed after the latter two between 1739 and 1835, while the present name became established around 1800. A wooden icon of Saint Nicholas dating to 1701-1702 confirms the church’s existence at that point. A funeral stone fragment from 1715-1716 is situated in the altar table. A restoration took place in 1784, and by 1802 the church was surrounded by monastic cells, demolished during the late-19th century urbanization.Severely damaged by that year’s earthquake, and by the 1808 tremor, it was radically rebuilt in 1827, according to the pisanie. The high Clucer Nicolae Trăsnea, a trusted adviser to Prince Grigore IV Ghica, was responsible, at the same time adding a second dedication, to the Prophet Elijah. Between 1868 and 1873, the church was transformed: the two present domes were built of wood and tin, the portico was added, the facades and interior redone, the roof changed and windows enlarged. Gheorghe Tattarescu painted the interior. Two arches were added to the portico after 1910. The painting underwent maintenance during the 20th century, with an ample restoration occurring in 1961. The building was consolidated following the 1977 earthquake.The single-nave church measures 30.3 meters long by 9.6 meters wide, with a semicircular altar apse. The two domes are octagonal on square bases: the Pantocrator dome above the nave, and the bell tower rising above the narthex. The portico is on the west side; shorter than the nave, it is open, has three frontal arches resting on masonry columns, with a triangular pediment. The narthex is just two meters deep, the result of installing a wall in 1871-1873. The nave is spacious, with a spherical ceiling. The altar has two deep niches for the tables, dug into the wall. The linden wood iconostasis is a valuable work of Brâncovenesc style sculpture. The exterior is covered in plaster; it is Neoclassical in style, with Doric inspiration visible in the pilasters, frieze and serrated cornice.George Călinescu wrote: “the White Church is not beautiful, but it surprises through its immaculate white of a rural church in the heart of a large city”. Other observers who have remarked on the building include Gheorghe Ionescu-Gion, Nicolae Iorga, Gheorghe Crutzescu and Nicolae Vătămanu. The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.