Timeline of Tijuana

Tijuana is the largest city in the state of Baja California located on the northwestern Pacific Coast of Mexico. Tijuana is the municipal seat of the Tijuana Municipality and the hub of the Tijuana metropolitan area. It has a close proximity to the Mexico–United States border, which is part of the San Diego-Tijuana metro area. Tijuana is the 47th largest city in the Americas and is the westernmost city in Mexico. According to the 2015 census, the Tijuana metropolitan area was the fifth-largest in Mexico, with a population of 1,840,710, but rankings vary, the city (locality) itself was 6th largest and the municipality (administrative) third largest nationally. The international metropolitan region was estimated at 5,158,459 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in The Californias, 19th-largest metropolitan area in the Americas, and the largest bi-national conurbation that is shared between US and Mexico. Tijuana is the second most populous city in Mexico and center of the 6th-largest metro area in Mexico, The city is one of the fastest-growing metro areas in the country and rated as a "High Sufficiency" global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. As of September 2019, the city of Tijuana had a population of 1,810,645, with its metropolitan area containing a population of 2,157,853 as of 2020, an estimated 2,002,000 within the urban area.Tijuana traces its modern history to the arrival of Spanish colonists in the 16th century who were mapping the coast of the Californias. Following the division of the Californias after the American Conquest of California, Tijuana found itself located on an international border, giving rise to a new economic and political structure. The city was incorporated on 11 July 1889 as urban development began. The city has served as a major tourist destination since the 1880s. Today, Tijuana is a dominant manufacturing center for North America, hosting facilities of many multinational conglomerate companies. In the early 21st century, Tijuana has emerged as the medical device manufacturing capital of North America and is increasingly recognized as an important cultural Mecca for the border region of The Californias. The city is the most visited border city in the world, sharing a border of about 24 km (15 mi) with its sister city San Diego. More than fifty million people cross the border between these two cities every year. Despite its popularity as a tourist destination, Tijuana is a hotbed of crime, especially violent crime, due to the extensive presence of organized crime and Mexican cartels. It regularly ranks among the most violent cities by homicide rate. According to Statista in August 2023, Tijuana presently has the second highest homicide rate in the world. The U.S. State Department maintains a travel advisory warning as of September 2023 relating to the city's "non-tourist areas." Incidents involving the murder or kidnapping of foreigners since the 2000s have also sparked travel fears and affected Tijuana's status among international tourists.

Avenida Revolución (Spanish for "Revolution Avenue") is the tourist center in Tijuana, Baja California, México. It is a main thoroughfare of the historic downtown of Tijuana, officially called the Zona Centro, which forms part of the Delegación Centro or Central Borough of Tijuana.

The fifth federal electoral district of Baja California (Distrito electoral federal 05 de Baja California) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of nine such districts in the state of Baja California. It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the first region.

Caesar's is a restaurant on Avenida Revolución in Tijuana, Mexico, famous as the home of the Caesar salad. Restaurateur Caesar Cardini, an Italian immigrant, opened the restaurant in 1923, and it is now under chef Javier Plascencia, leading chef of Baja Med cuisine.

The Tijuana Cultural Center (CECUT) is a cultural center in the Zona Río district of Tijuana, Mexico. The center opened 20 October 1982, and accommodates more than a million visitors per year. Nowadays this iconic Tijuana institution has different programs for all ages, from classes for early stimulation for kids around 2 months and 2 years old, plastic arts and artisan workshops for children from 5 to 15 years old, and concerts, conferences, movies, documentaries, exhibitions, and services designed to entertain while educating different age groups at the same time.

Centro is a borough of the municipality of Tijuana in Baja California, Mexico. It is the main historical and economic borough of Tijuana. Delegación Centro includes the old downtown, or Zona Centro, the new business district (Zona Río), Zona Norte (the red-light district), Agua Caliente, and other adjacent neighborhoods ("zonas"). This is the historical midpoint of Tijuana; City Hall is located here as well as most of the tourist areas such as Avenida Revolución, and the business districts. The Tijuana Cultural Center (CECUT for CEntro CUltural de Tijuana) and Plaza Río, until recently the largest mall in the state, are both located here in the Zona Río.

Dorian's was a department store chain based in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Dorian's was established in Downtown Tijuana in 1959.On November 9, 1977, a fire ripped through the block where Dorian's was located, however after only 17 working days the store was back open, with half the square footage housed in tent-like structures built in a nearby parking lot.Carlos Slim's Grupo Carso bought Dorian's Tijuana, S.A. de C.V. in 2004 and operated it as a subsidiary of Inmuebles Borgru, S.A. de C.V. which in turn was a subsidiary of Inmuebles Carso, S.A.B. de C.V. In that same year, Dorian's expanded to Cancun, Chihuahua, Leon, Merida, and Monterrey after purchasing five JCPenney stores, which operated in Mexico since 1995. A store opened in the new Las Misiones mall in Ciudad Juárez in 2004 and closed shortly thereafter (now Liverpool). In 2009, Dorian's had 14 stores in Tijuana: Downtown Tijuana (Corner of 2nd and Niños Héroes) Plaza Río Tijuana Plaza Carrousel Centro Comercial Mesa de Otay, Otay Centenario Cancun - Plaza Las Américas (formerly JCPenney) Chihuahua, Chihuahua - Plaza de Sol (formerly JCPenney) Ensenada - downtown La Paz, Baja California Sur - Downtown Forjadores León, Guanajuato - Plaza Mayor (formerly JCPenney) Mérida - Plaza las Américas (formerly JCPenney) Mexicali - Centro Comercial Cachanilla Monterrey area - San Pedro Garza García (formerly JCPenney) San Luis Río Colorado, SonoraStarting in April 2009, the 14 Dorian’s department stores were integrated into Sears México and operated under the name Sears. However, the Downtown Tijuana store was closed in May 2009 and is now the Plaza de la Tecnología, a market hall of retail technology vendors.

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tijuana (Latin: Archidioecesis Tigiuanaënsis) is a Metropolitan Archdiocese in Mexico. It is based in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, and the province has the suffragan dioceses of Ensenada, La Paz en la Baja California Sur, and Mexicali.

Plaza Río Tijuana is an open-air shopping center in the Zona Río (new main business district) of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. It has a surface area of 792,000 square feet (73,579 m2). It opened in 1981 as the first large American-style mall in the city; previously Downtown Tijuana was the leading shopping area. Currently, it has the anchors Soriana, Sears, and Cinépolis. There was a Dorian's department store here until 2009 when it became Sears. Comercial Mexicana was also in the mall until it became Soriana in 2018.

Plaza Viva Tijuana is an open-air shopping center in the Empleados Federales neighborhood of Tijuana, located immediately across Frontera Street from what was, until 2012, the entrance to Mexico for all pedestrians crossing from the U.S. side of the San Ysidro of the border. It houses numerous pharmacies targeted at U.S. customers, handicraft and souvenir shops, restaurants, and one of Tijuana's largest gay nightclubs (formerly "Éxtasis" now "Club Fusion").In 2012, the Puerta México pedestrian crossing on the west side of the southbound vehicular crossing, controversially, closed, replaced by the new Puerta México Este pedestrian entry to Mexico on the east side. It still allowed pedestrians to walk westward 500m and exit to Tijuana in front of Plaza Viva Tijuana, but also gave pedestrians easy access to areas on the east side of the border such as the Zona Río. Business plummeted for merchants in the center, by up to 80% in one instance.In July 2016, pedestrian traffic once again increased to the area around Plaza Viva Tijuana as it became the starting point of the new pedestrian walkway to and from the new PedWest pedestrian crossing, via which pedestrians cross to Virginia Avenue and the Las Americas Premium Outlets on the U.S. side. Since then, there has been a reconfiguration and the pedestrian terminus is immediately west of the Plaza, across Aves. Alberto Aldrete and José María Larroque.

Zona Río (English: "River Zone") is an official zone, and the main modern business district, of the city of Tijuana, Mexico. Zona Río is located at a strategic point, in the north of the city, about 1 mile (1.6 km) from the U.S.-Mexico border and 9 miles (14 km) from Downtown San Diego. The Río Zone is within the Delegación Centro, or Central borough, of Tijuana. The old downtown of Tijuana, Zona Centro, borders Zona Río on the west. The Zona Río is home to most of the regional headquarters for commercial and financial businesses and health services. The city's largest mall, Plaza Río Tijuana, the central market, and the majority of Tijuana's larger hotels and upscale restaurants are also located here, along Zona Río's three main avenues, Paseo de los Héroes, Avenida Padre Kino and Boulevard General Rodolfo Sánchez Taboada. The Zona Río office space submarket had, in 2016, 111,059 square metres (1,195,430 sq ft) of class A and B office space, with another 25,043 square metres (269,560 sq ft) in the contiguous Agua Caliente submarket, for a total of 136,102 square metres (1,464,990 sq ft). As such, the area can be considered an edge city.Although being comparatively small in comparison with other Mexican cities main business districts, such as those of Monterrey and Guadalajara, Zona Río has notable skyscrapers, which due to the relative distance between them, are very prominent. The tallest buildings are the 28-story twin towers that are home for the Plaza Aguacaliente and Grand Hotel Tijuana, commonly known by locals as Las Torres or The Towers.

San Diego–Tijuana is an international transborder agglomeration, straddling the border of the adjacent North American coastal cities of San Diego, California, United States, and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. The 2020 population of the region was 5,456,577, making it the largest bi-national conurbation shared between the United States and Mexico, and the second-largest shared between the US and another country. The conurbation consists of the San Diego metropolitan area (defined as all of San Diego County), (2020 population 3,298,634) in the United States and the municipalities of Tijuana (2020 pop. 1,922,523), Rosarito Beach (126,980), and Tecate (108,440) in Mexico. It is the third most populous region in the California–Baja California region, smaller only than the metropolitan areas of Greater Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area. The largest centers of the urban area maintain global city status and as a whole the metropolitan region is host to 13 consulates from Asian, European, North American, Oceanian, and South American nations. Over fifty million people cross the border each year between Tijuana and San Diego, giving the region the busiest land-border crossing in the world. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, San Diego–Tijuana has become a dominant commercial center in the United States and Mexico. The economic success of globalization has allowed San Diego–Tijuana to grow to the third richest region in the former Californias region, with a GDP of $136.3 billion in 2002. Renowned for natural beauty, tourism is a leading industry in the region and its coastal environs have been paramount factors in the growth of action sports-lifestyle companies. Other key industries include military, biotech, and manufacturing. San Diego–Tijuana traces its European roots to 1542 when the land was explored by Portuguese explorers on behalf of imperial Spain. In 1601 it was mandated by the Spanish viceroy in Mexico City that safe ports be found, one of which would be San Diego Bay, for returning Spanish trade ships from Manila to Acapulco. During this mission, explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno was also told to map the California coast in great detail, leading to the further exploration of the modern-day site of San Diego–Tijuana. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California and in northern Mexico have further strained the San Diego–Tijuana binational region's water security.