Battle of Simancas

10th century in the Kingdom of León930s conflicts939Al-Andalus stubsBattles involving the Caliphate of Córdoba ... and 5 more

Battles involving the Kingdom of LeónBattles of the ReconquistaHistory of the province of ValladolidSolar eclipsesSpanish battle stubs

The Battle of Simancas (also called Alhandega or al-Khandaq) was a military battle that started on 19 July 939 in the Iberian Peninsula between the troops of the King of León Ramiro II and Cordovan caliph Abd al-Rahman III near the walls of the city of Simancas. The battle unfolded after the army of Abd al-Rahman III launched toward the northern Christian territories in 934. Abd al-Rahman III had gathered a large army of caliphal fighters, with the help of the Andalusian governor of Zaragoza, Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Tujibi. The Leonese king Ramiro II led the counterattack with an army constituted of his own troops, those of Castile under Count Fernán González, and the Navarrese under García Sánchez I. Arab witnesses chronicle a spectacular eclipse of the sun that took place on the first day of the battle: As the army arrived near Simancas, there was an awful eclipse of the sun that covered the earth of a dark yellow amid the day and it filled us and the infidels with terror as neither had seen in their life such a thing as this. Two days passed without either side making any movement.The battle lasted some days, with the allied Christian troops emerging victorious and routing the Cordovan forces. Furtun ibn Muhammad al-Tawil, wali of Huesca, withheld his troops from the battle. He was hunted down near Calatayud by Salama ibn Ahmad ibn Salama, taken to Córdoba, and crucified in front of its Al-Qasr.

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Battle of Simancas
Autovía de Castilla,

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N 41.6 °	E -4.817 °

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Autovía de Castilla

Autovía de Castilla
47130
Castile and León, Spain
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Simancas

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Archivo General de Simancas

The General Archive of Simancas (also known by its acronym, AGS) is an official archive located in the Castle of Simancas, in the town of Simancas, province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain. It was founded in 1540, making this the first official archive of the Crown of Castile. The chronological evolution of the institution has been influenced by the history of the Crown of Castile. The moments of strength or weakness of the Spanish monarchy have been reflected in the regularity of documents' arrivals or conversely in the shortages of resources. A major milestone occurred in 1588, when Philip II of Spain issued the charter of the Archives of Simancas, a key document for understanding the management of both this archive and others in the peninsula. Also, the damage suffered during the Spanish War of Independence (the Peninsular War) had a major impact on the institution. Currently, the AGS is a cultural institution funded by the Ministry of Culture of Spain dedicated to conservation, cataloging and research. These activities have brought about the reputation of the archive as one of the cornerstones of the Iberian Peninsula in its preservation and custody of documents. UNESCO awarded the General Archive of Simancas with the distinction of World Heritage Site in 2017 within its category Memory of the World Programme.

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