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Riga Ghetto

1941 in LatviaEinsatzgruppenGeneralbezirk LettlandHolocaust locations in LatviaJewish Latvian history
Jewish ghettos established by Nazi GermanyJewish resistance during the HolocaustRiga Ghetto
Ghetto of Riga
Ghetto of Riga

The Riga Ghetto was a small area in Maskavas Forštate, a neighbourhood of Riga, Latvia, designated by the Nazis where Jews from Latvia, and later from Germany, were forced to live during World War II. On October 25, 1941, the Nazis relocated all Jews from Riga and its vicinity to the ghetto while the non-Jewish inhabitants were evicted. Most of the Latvian Jews (about 35,000) were killed on November 30 and December 8, 1941, in the Rumbula massacre. The Nazis transported a large number of German Jews to the ghetto; most of them were later killed in massacres. While the Riga Ghetto is commonly referred to as a single entity, in fact there were several "ghettos". The first was the large Latvian ghetto. After the Rumbula massacre, the surviving Latvian Jews were concentrated in a smaller area within the original ghetto, which became known as the "small ghetto". The small ghetto was divided into men's and women's sections. The area of the ghetto not allocated to the small ghetto was then reallocated to the Jews being deported from Germany, and became known as the German ghetto.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Riga Ghetto (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Riga Ghetto
Firsa Sadovņikova iela, Riga Maskavas forštate

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Latitude Longitude
N 56.939905 ° E 24.135642 °
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Rīgas 170. pirmsskolas izglītības iestāde

Firsa Sadovņikova iela
LV-1003 Riga, Maskavas forštate
Vidzeme, Latvia
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Ghetto of Riga
Ghetto of Riga
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Great Choral Synagogue (Riga)
Great Choral Synagogue (Riga)

The Great Choral Synagogue (Latvian: Rīgas Horālā sinagoga, Hebrew: בית הכנסת כורל של ריגה) on Gogoļa iela (Gogol Street) was the largest synagogue in Riga, until it was burned down on 4 July 1941. The synagogue was designed in 1868 by architect Paul von Hardenack and the building was completed in 1871. The architecture consisted of several different styles, however, Neo-Renaissance was the dominant style. The synagogue was famous throughout the city for its cantors and its choir. The synagogue was burned down on 4 July 1941 after the Nazi German occupation of Riga. There are reports that 20 Jews were locked in the basement. Historian Bernhard Press states that some of the victims were Lithuanian Jews who had taken refuge there. Gertrude Schneider identifies the victims as mostly women and children. Frida Michelson, a Latvian Jew who had been working near Jelgava in a forced labor detail when the synagogue was burned, reported that she was told by a friend (who had heard it from someone else) that the halls and the backyard of the Choral Synagogue were filled with refugees from Lithuania. Perkonkrusts and "other Latvian hangers-on" surrounded the building, trapped the people inside, and set it on fire. Andrew Ezergailis does not find it credible that Jews were locked in the Great Choral Synagogue before it was set on fire. Ezergailis does acknowledge that there could have been 300 Lithuanian refugees in the synagogue before the fire was set. He postulates however that they would have been killed before the synagogue was set on fire. The destruction of the synagogue was filmed by the Germans and later became part of a Wehrmacht newsreel, with the following narration: "The synagogue in Riga, which had been spared by the GPU commissars in their work of destruction, went up in flames a few hours later."After the war, the remains of the burnt-out synagogue were demolished by Soviet authorities and the area was turned into a public square, with the first commemorative stone marking a Star of David being placed at the location only in 1988. After the restoration of Latvia's independence, a memorial designed by Latvian architect Sergejs Rižs in the shape of the synagogue walls with built-in archaeological remains of the original building found at the site, was erected on the grounds in 1993. In 2007 a memorial to Jānis Lipke and others who had saved Jews from the Holocaust was unveiled next to the 1993 memorial. The memorial commemorates all those, who helped save more than 400 Jews from certain death.