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The Chemung County Historical Society is headquartered in the historic Chemung Canal Bank Building in Elmira, New York. It is dedicated to the collection, preservation, and presentation of the history of the Chemung River Valley region. The society was founded in 1923 and first chartered by New York State in 1947. It is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums, and currently operates two cultural repositories, the Chemung Valley History Museum and the Booth Library, both as non-profit educational institutions.

The Chemung Canal Bank Building is located at 415 East Water Street in Elmira, Chemung County, New York, United States. It is thought to be the oldest commercial building in Elmira. The Chemung Canal opened in 1832 and construction on the bank building began the same year. In 1833 the bank moved into the new building and the Chemung Canal Trust Company was chartered to deposit cash and supply capitol and credit. The building continued to house the bank for seventy-six years. For the following fifty-six years it was home to various local law offices. From 1976 forward, it has been owned by the Chemung County Historical Society. The building is significant for its period architecture and its place in the history of the area. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

The Chemung County Courthouse Complex consists of four buildings built between 1836 and 1899. The oldest building, built in 1836, is the District Attorney's and Treasurer's Building. The centerpiece, the courthouse itself, was designed by Horatio Nelson White, and built in 1861–62. These were followed by the County Clerk's Office in 1875 and the addition of the Court House Annex in 1895. The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

The Elmira Civic Historic District is the area of downtown Elmira, New York where the governmental center developed in the town's early history. It includes the Chemung County Courthouse Complex, John Hazlett Office Building and the Arnot Art Museum/Icehouse, all on Lake Street. Among the contributing buildings on Church Street are the Richardson Romanesque style Armory Building, the Beaux Arts-style City Hall, designed by Pierce & Bickford, and the U. S. Post Office. Other buildings are on nearby Baldwin Street, Market Street and Carroll Street. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980; four decades later its boundaries were revised.

Arnot Art Museum, opened 1913, is a municipal art museum located at 235 Lake Street in Elmira, New York. Its permanent collection includes 17th-, 18th-, and 19th-century European paintings; and 19th- and 20th-century American art. Its 21st-century collection focuses on contemporary representational art. The building is a contributing property in the Elmira Civic Historic District.

F.M. Howell and Company is a late nineteenth-century manufacturing complex located on the banks of the Chemung River in Elmira, New York. F.M. Howell & Company was founded in 1883 in Elmira, New York by Fred M. Howell and John Aldrich. In its early years the company started out by producing wood and strawboard cigar and shoe boxes for other manufacturing companies. As this continued, they also added rigid paperboard boxes, and printing of box wraps and labels. Subsequently, this all led into the carton manufacturing, and plastic thermoforming for packaging. Later, on Howell got help from his cousin to help expand the company's horizons. Of the five contributing buildings, four are located on the east side of Pennsylvania Avenue (Buildings 1, 2, 3 & 5), while only the Brand Building is located on the west side of the street. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. F.M. Howell and & Company was the oldest independent manufacturer for the 19th century.

The John Brand Jr. House is a historic house located at 351 Maple Avenue in Elmira, Chemung County, New York.

The 30th Separate Company Armory, also known as the Elmira Armory, formerly located at 307 East Church Street in Elmira, New York, was built from 1886 to 1888. It was a contributing property of the Elmira Civic Historic District. The structure was designed by J. H. Pierce of the firm of Pierce & Bickford. Following decommissioning by the New York National Guard in the 1970s it was acquired by Chemung County and used as for offices and storage.

The William S. Gerity House is a historic house located at 415 William Street in Elmira, Chemung County, New York.

The Alexander Eustace House is a historic house located at 401 Maple Avenue in Elmira, which is in Chemung County, New York.

John Brand Sr. House is a historic home located at Elmira in Chemung County, New York. It was built about 1870 and is a large 2+1⁄2-story, Italianate-style dwelling with a 2-story wing. Also on the property is a concrete fountain basin with a reproduction Victorian fountainhead.It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. It is located in the Maple Avenue Historic District.

Pratt House is a historic home located at Elmira, Chemung County, New York. It is a large scale brick dwelling in the Italianate style. It has a cross-gable plan and features two asymmetrical towers, a projecting polygonal bay, and a stepped back, Arts and Crafts style north wing. The lower tower has a pyramidal roof and the taller tower a bell cast roof embellished with cresting. It was originally located on Union Place, but moved to its present location in 1872 when it was extensively remodeled to its present appearance. The rear wing was added in the 1920s when it was home to the Elmira Eagles Aerie 941.It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.