Eastern Breithorn

The Breithorn Twins (German: Breithornzwillinge) are twin peaks of the Breithorn range of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy, between the canton of Valais and the region of Aosta Valley. It is located east of the Theodul Pass. The twin peaks are called Eastern Breithorn/western Breithorn Twin (4,139 m) and Gendarm/eastern Breithorn Twin (4,109 m). They are about 115 m (377 ft) apart.

The Gendarm (German and French (gendarme) for police officer, Italian: Quota), but also known as eastern Breithorn Twin (German: östlicher Breithornzwilling) is a peak of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy, between the canton of Valais and the region of Aosta Valley. It is part of the Breithorn range, located east of the Theodul Pass. It is located just east of its other twin, the western Breithorn Twin, and west of the Roccia Nera.

The Roccia Nera (Italian for Black Rock, French: Roche noire, German: Schwarzfluh) is a peak of the Breithorn range in the Pennine Alps, on the boundary between the Aosta Valley (northern Italy) and canton of Valais (southern Switzerland). It is the easternmost summit of the Breithorn massif, located east of the Gendarm (or eastern Breithorn Twin). It overlooks the Schwarztor (English: Black Gate) pass on its east side.

The Central Breithorn (German: Breithorn (Mittelgipfel), Italian: Breithorn Centrale) is a peak of the Breithorn range in the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy, between the canton of Valais and the region of Aosta Valley. It is located east of the main summit of the Breithorn and west of the western Breithorn Twin.

The Breithorn (German for literally "broad horn"; 13,661 ft. or 4,164 m) is a mountain range of the Pennine Alps with its highest peak of the same name (but also called Breithorn (Western Summit)), located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It lies on the main chain of the Alps, approximately halfway between the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa and east of the Theodul Pass. Most of the massif is glaciated and includes several subsidiary peaks, all located east of the main summit: the Central Breithorn, the western Breithorn Twin (or Eastern Breithorn), the Gendarm (or eastern Breithorn Twin) and the Roccia Nera. The main summit is sometimes distinguished by the name Western Breithorn (German: Breithorn (Westgipfel), Italian: Breithorn Occidentale). The nearest settlements are Zermatt (Valais) and St-Jacques (Aosta Valley). The Breithorn is considered the most easily climbed 4,000 m Alpine peak. This is due to the Klein Matterhorn cable car which takes climbers to over 3,820 m (12,700 ft) from Zermatt for a starting point. The standard route (SSW flank) is from the Italian side of the mountain (the south side) and continues over a glacial plateau before climbing to the summit on a 35 degree snow slope. However, inexperienced mountaineers may run into severe difficulty if caution is not taken near cornices or in bad weather. For experienced climbers wanting more of a challenge, the half traverse of the Breithorn crest is another option. The Breithorn was first climbed in 1813 by Henry Maynard (climber), Joseph-Marie Couttet, Jean Gras, Jean-Baptiste Erin and Jean-Jacques Erin.

The Klein Matterhorn (sometimes translated as Little Matterhorn) is a peak of the Pennine Alps, overlooking Zermatt in the Swiss canton of Valais. At 3,883 metres (12,740 ft) above sea level, it is the highest place in Europe that can be reached by aerial tramway or gondola lift, as well as by any other means of transport. The Klein Matterhorn is part of the Breithorn massif and overlooks on its south side the almost equally high flat glacier named Breithorn Plateau, just north of the international border with Italy. The name "Klein Matterhorn" is a reference to its much larger neighbour, the Matterhorn, which lies 7 km (4.3 mi) away across the Theodul Pass. The Klein Matterhorn, with the adjacent ski-lifts to the slightly higher Gobba di Rollin, is also a year-round ski area, marketed as "Matterhorn Glacier Paradise", and part of the international ski area between Zermatt and Breuil-Cervinia. Fast ascents to a height above 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) will frequently lead to headaches or other symptoms of altitude sickness with sensitive people.

The Riffelhorn (2,928 m) is a mountain in the Swiss section of the Pennine Alps, located south of Zermatt in the canton of Valais. The Riffelhorn forms part of the Gorner ridge and provides excellent rock climbing facilities having several routes of a different Climbing grades. It has been used a long time by the local Alpine guides to train rock climbing skills for climbers before ascending on higher mountains. It is also very popular view point being in the middle of one of the most famous valleys in the Alps, between the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa. Also the altitude of nearly 3,000 m gives a needed atmosphere of Alpine conditions. Nearest access is Rotenboden train station. Gornergratbahn continues from here up to summit of Gornergrat. On the northern side of the mountain lies the Riffelsee.

Riffelsee is an alpine lake above the town of Zermatt in the canton of Valais, Switzerland.

Rotenboden is a railway station on the Gornergrat railway, a rack railway which links the resort of Zermatt with the summit of the Gornergrat. The station is situated west of the Gornergrat, in the Swiss municipality of Zermatt and canton of Valais. At an altitude of 2,815 m (9,236 ft) above mean sea level, it is the second highest open-air railway station in Europe, after the Gornergrat railway station, on the same line.From the railway station a trail leads to the Monte Rosa Hut, across the Gorner Glacier.

The Gorner Glacier (German: Gornergletscher) is a valley glacier found on the west side of the Monte Rosa massif close to Zermatt in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It is about 12.4 km (7.7 mi) long (2014) and 1 to 1.5 km (0.62 to 0.93 mi) wide. The entire glacial area of the glacier related to Gorner Glacier is 53 km2 (20 sq mi) (2007), which makes it the second largest glacial system in the Alps after the Aletsch Glacier system; however it ranks only third in length behind the Aletsch and Fiescher Glacier, respectively. Numerous smaller glaciers connect with the Gorner Glacier. Its (former) tributaries are (clockwise on this map): Gornergletscher (after which the whole system is named, but the upper part is now disconnected from the lower part), Monte Rosa Gletscher, Grenzgletscher (nowadays by far its main tributary, now disconnected from the actual Gornergletscher), Zwillingsgletscher, Schwärzegletscher, Breithorngletscher, Triftjigletscher, and Unterer Theodulgletscher (although the last three ones are actually disconnected now). The Grenzgletscher (English: Border Glacier) between the central Monte Rosa massif and the Liskamm to the south is nowadays by far the lower Gorner Glacier's main tributary. The Gorner Glacier's upper part is almost already disconnected from its lower part. Also the former tributaries Breithorngletscher, Triftjigletscher, and Unterer Theodulgletscher lost their connections to the Gorner Glacier during the last century; the Lower Theodul Glacier became disconnected in the 1980s. An interesting feature of this glacier is the Gornersee, an ice marginal lake at the confluence area of the Gorner- and Grenzgletscher. This lake fills every year and drains in summer, usually as a Glacial lake outburst flood. This is one of few glacial lakes in the Alps exhibiting this kind of behavior. There are also several interesting surface features including crevasses and "table top" forms where large surface boulders have been left stranded above the glaciers surface. These tabular rocks are supported by ice that the boulder has sheltered from melting that has effected the more exposed surrounding ice. Due to the immense information about the glacier, it is perfect for a glacier project. It is the source of the river Gornera, which flows down through Zermatt itself. However, most of its water is captured by a water catchment station of the Grande Dixence hydroelectric power plant. This water then ends up in the Lac des Dix, the main reservoir of Grande Dixence. The glacier as well as the surrounding mountains can be seen from the Gornergrat (3,100 m or 10,200 ft), connected from Zermatt by the Gornergrat Railway.

Gornergrat is the upper terminal railway station of the Gornergrat railway, a rack railway which links it with the resort of Zermatt. The station is situated at the summit of the Gornergrat, in the Swiss municipality of Zermatt and canton of Valais. At an altitude of 3,089 m (10,135 ft) above mean sea level, it is the highest open-air railway station in Europe.Near the station is the Kulm Hotel, a hotel and observatory.

The Gornergrat Kulm Hotel is a hotel and observatory located on the Gornergrat, at 3,120 metres above sea level. It can be reached from Zermatt via the Gornergrat railway, the terminus station being located 100 metres away. The hotel includes an observatory, two restaurants and a small shopping mall. A first hotel was built on the Gornergrat in 1896, two years before the completion of the Gornergrat rack railway. As the tourist traffic increased, the current larger hotel was built between 1897 and 1907. Given the clean air and good light conditions of the area, a dome was built on each of the two towers of the hotel in 1996. The KOSMA telescope was installed in the southern tower while the Gornergrat Infrared Telescope was installed in the northern tower.