The Frankleben hoard is a significant hoard deposit of the European Bronze Age, associated with the Unstrut group (associated with the Tumulus or early Urnfield culture (ca. 1500–1250 BC). The site is in the Geisel valley, formed by a minor tributary of the Saale River.
It was discovered in 1946 in a brown coal pit near Frankleben, now a part of Braunsbedra municipality, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
The hoard consists of three ceramic vessels, buried alongside one another. One of the vessels was destroyed by a coal dredger at the time of discovery.
The finds consist of a total of about 45 kg of bronze artefacts, most of them sickles, alongside some axeheads.
The discovery was made by the operator of the coal dredger, Anton Wesp, in the "Michael Vesta" pit (now flooded and part of Runstedter See south of Frankleben, just off the BAB 38 highway). Wesp's dredger destroyed the first vessel almost completely in June 1946 (find I).
Wesp returned to the site on 5 July 1946 and discovered a second vessel (find II), from which he was able to save 93 sickles and two axeheads. Wesp examined the site and found a third vessel (find III), containing 130 sickles and 12 axeheads. Find III is thus the best preserved, and its original arrangement was recorded. The sickles were deposited in a helix or fan-like arrangement, and the axeheads were laid on top of the sickles.
The original hoard probably contained more than 300 such bronze sickles of the so-called Knopfsichel ("knob-sickle") type, of which 237 came into the possession of the Halle State Museum of Prehistory.
Wilhelm Albert von Brunn published an analysis of the hoard in 1958. Von Brunn distinguished 91 types of sickles, originating from 182 individual moulds. Some 179 out of the total of 237 sickles show traces of use. On the sickle blades are patterns.
Von Brunn interpreted them as marks or pictograms identifying the sickle-maker.
By contrast, Sommerfeld (1994) suggested that the patterns represent numeral signs.
Sommerfeld further suggested that beyond their obvious usefulness as a tool (as indicated by the traces of use), bronze sickles during the Urnfield period had acquired a secondary function as commodity money.Knob-sickles of the Frankleben type were found in four other hoards in the middle Saale region. The tradition of depositing bronze artefacts in the hoards in this region predates the Urnfield culture, reaching back to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. These early hoards consisted of axes, while the Urnfield period hoards were dominated by sickles, even though a smaller number of axes were still included alongside the sickles. In the later Bronze Age, the tradition of hoards continued, but the sickles were in turn replaced by jewelry such as arm rings.
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