Częstochowa massacre

Częstochowa ( CHEN-stə-KOH-və, Polish: [t͡ʂɛ̃stɔˈxɔva] (listen); German: Tschenstochau, Czenstochau; Latin: Czanstochova) is a city in southern Poland on the Warta River with 214,342 inhabitants, making it the thirteenth-largest city in Poland. It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (administrative division) since 1999, and was previously the capital of the Częstochowa Voivodeship (1975–1998). However, Częstochowa is historically part of the Lesser Poland region, not of Silesia, and before 1795, it belonged to the Kraków Voivodeship. Częstochowa is located in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. It is the largest economic, cultural and administrative hub in the northern part of the Silesian Voivodeship. The city is known for the famous Pauline monastery of Jasna Góra, which is the home of the Black Madonna painting, a shrine to the Virgin Mary. Every year, millions of pilgrims from all over the world come to Częstochowa to see it. The city also was home to the Jewish Frankist movement in the late 18th and the 19th century. The city has undertaken excavation of an ancient site of Lusatian culture, and has a museum devoted to this. The ruins of a medieval Royal Castle stand in Olsztyn, approximately 25 kilometres (16 miles) from the city centre (see also Trail of the Eagles' Nests).

Częstochowa County (Polish: powiat częstochowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Częstochowa, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Częstochowa County are Blachownia, which lies 11 km (7 mi) west of Częstochowa, and Koniecpol, 40 km (25 mi) east of Częstochowa. The county covers an area of 1,519.49 square kilometres (586.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 134,637, out of which the population of Blachownia is 9,545, that of Koniecpol is 5,910, and the rural population is 119,182.

The Orthodox Church of the Icon of Our Lady of Częstochowa (Polish: Cerkiew Częstochowskiej Ikony Matki Bożej w Częstochowie) is an Eastern Orthodox church in Poland honoring the Icon of Our Lady of Częstochowa, considered to be one of the country's national symbols. Construction of the building commenced in 1994 according to a design by Michał Bałasz of Białystok. As of 2009, the church is mostly complete. The bells and windows had been installed, and the facade completed. However, work on the internal decoration of the building still remains largely unfinished. The cornerstone was blessed by the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I.

Częstochowa railway station is one of two major railway stations in Częstochowa, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, the other station being Częstochowa Stradom. Since 2015 it has been operating as a “P” (premium) category station in the PKP classification. In 2018, the station served approximately 10,000 passengers a day.

The Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa [JDU; Polish: Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana Długosza] is a public university located in Częstochowa, in the Silesian Voivodeship of Poland. Founded in 1971 as a teacher training college, it was transformed into a higher teacher education school in 1974 with two faculties, the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and the Faculty of Pedagogy. Now the academy comprises two other faculties, the Faculty of Philosophy and History, and the Faculty of Art Education, some inter-faculty teaching centres for Foreign Language Area Studies, physical education and sports, and approximately 10,000 students and about 800 academic staff members.The academy takes its name from Jan Długosz (1415–1480), a Polish priest, chronicler, diplomat, soldier, and secretary to Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki of Kraków, and Patron of the academy, who was born in the village of Stara Brzeźnica located less than 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Częstochowa. The academy participates to the Erasmus Programme (EuRopean Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students), a European Union (EU) student exchange programme established in 1987, a major part of the EU Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013, and is the operational framework for the European Commission's initiatives in higher education.

Częstochowa Stradom railway station is one of two major railway stations in Częstochowa, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, the other station being the Częstochowa railway station. As of 2022, it is served by Polregio (local and InterRegio services) and PKP Intercity (EIP, InterCity, and TLK services).

Częstochowa Voivodeship (Polish: województwo częstochowskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975–1998, superseded mainly by Silesian Voivodeship, with a few eastern gminas attached to the freshly created Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Though most of the current territory of the former Częstochowa Voivodeship belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship, it historically is part of Lesser Poland, apart from western areas, around Lubliniec and Olesno. Capital city: Częstochowa Major cities and towns: (population in 1995): Częstochowa (259,500); Myszków (34,000); Lubliniec (26,900).See also: Voivodeships of Poland

The Archdiocese of Częstochowa (Latin: Czestochovien(sis)) is an archdiocese located in the city of Częstochowa in Poland.

The Cathedral Basilica of the Holy Family (Polish: Bazylika Archikatedralna Sanktuarium Świętej Rodziny ) also called Częstochowa Cathedral is a religious building that is affiliated with the Catholic Church and was built in the neo-Gothic style, it is a three-nave church following the Roman or Latin rite and is located on the street Krakowska in the city of Częstochowa in Poland.It is one of the largest of its kind in Europe, built on an old cemetery in the years 1825-1898. It was built between 1901 and 1927 and designed by Konstanty Wojciechowski. The temple in 1925 became the cathedral of the diocese of Częstochowa, and since 1992 is the metropolitan church of the ecclesiastical province of Czestochowa. The facade of the basilica is north; opposite the John Paul II Square (formerly Cathedral Square). In the Chapel of Our Lady of Czestochowa there is a crypt of the local bishops.

The Częstochowa Ghetto was a World War II ghetto set up by Nazi Germany for the purpose of persecution and exploitation of local Jews in the city of Częstochowa during the German occupation of Poland. The approximate number of people confined to the ghetto was around 40,000 at the beginning and in late 1942 at its peak, immediately before mass deportations, 48,000. Most ghetto inmates were delivered by the Holocaust trains to their deaths at the Treblinka extermination camp. In June 1943, the remaining ghetto inhabitants launched the Częstochowa Ghetto uprising, which was extinguished by the SS after a few days of fighting.

Stradom is a district of Częstochowa, Poland, located in the southern part of the city.

Częstochowa University of Technology (Polish: Politechnika Częstochowska, PCz) is the largest and oldest institution of higher education in Częstochowa, Poland. All faculties of the university have the right to grant doctoral degrees (currently over 300 post-graduate students), and three of them also offer PhD habilitation.